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[1]中文名0Cr18Ni9類 型不銹鋼耐熱鋼用 途食品用設(shè)備，一般化工設(shè)備特 性耐蝕性目錄1基本信息?應(yīng)用?特性?用途2化學(xué)成份3力學(xué)性能4處理工藝5交貨狀態(tài)6國外牌號對照表基本信息播報編輯0Cr18Ni9不銹鋼在最新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中稱為06Cr19Ni10號鋼。應(yīng)用0Cr18Ni9鋼(AISI304)是奧氏體不銹鋼，是在最初發(fā)明的18-8型奧氏體不銹鋼的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展演變的鋼種，該鋼是不銹鋼的主體鋼種，其產(chǎn)量約占不銹鋼總產(chǎn)量的30%以上。由于此鋼具有奧氏體結(jié)構(gòu)，它不可能通過熱處理手段予以強化，只能采用冷變形方式達到提高強度的目的。鋼的奧氏體結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了它的良好冷、熱加工性能、無磁性和好的低溫性能。0Cr18Ni9鋼薄截面尺寸的焊接件具有足夠的耐晶間腐蝕能力，在氧化性酸(HNO3)中具有優(yōu)良的耐蝕性，在堿溶液和大部分有機酸和無機酸中以及大氣、水、蒸汽中耐蝕性亦佳。 0Cr18Ni9鋼的良好性能，使其成為應(yīng)用量最大、使用范圍最廣的不銹鋼牌號，此鋼適于制造深沖成型的部件以及輸送腐蝕介質(zhì)管道、容器，結(jié)構(gòu)件等，0Cr18Ni9亦可用于制造無磁、低溫設(shè)備和部件。 00Cr19Ni10(AISI304L)是在0Cr18Ni9基礎(chǔ)上，通過降低碳和稍許提高含鎳量的超低碳型奧氏體不銹鋼。此鋼是為了解決因Cr23C6析出致使0Cr18Ni9鋼在一些條件下存在嚴(yán)重的晶間腐蝕傾向而發(fā)展的。在開發(fā)初期，因冶金生產(chǎn)降碳較難，一度曾妨礙了它的廣泛應(yīng)用，在20世紀(jì)70年代新的二次精煉方法AOD和VOD工藝成功用于生產(chǎn)后，此鋼才真正得到廣泛應(yīng)用。與0Cr18Ni9比較，此鋼強度稍低，但其敏化態(tài)耐晶間腐蝕能力顯著優(yōu)于0Cr18Ni9。除強度外，此鋼的其他性能同于0Cr18Ni9。它主要用于需焊接且焊后又不能進行面溶處理的耐蝕設(shè)備和部件。上述兩個鋼種，在易產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力腐蝕環(huán)境和產(chǎn)生點蝕和縫隙腐蝕的條件下，在選用時應(yīng)慎重。特性具有良好的耐蝕性、耐熱性、低溫強度和機械性能，沖壓彎曲等熱加工性好，無熱處理硬化現(xiàn)象，無磁性。用途家庭用品、櫥柜、室內(nèi)管線、熱水器、鍋爐、浴缸、汽車配件、醫(yī)療器具、建材、化學(xué)、食品工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、船舶部件。化學(xué)成份播報編輯碳 C ：≤0.08硅 Si：≤1.00錳 Mn：≤2.00硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.045鉻 Cr：17.00～20.00鎳 Ni：8.00～10.50力學(xué)性能播報編輯抗拉強度 σb (MPa)：≥520條件屈服強度 σ0.2 (MPa)：≥205伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥40斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥60硬度 ：≤187HBS;≤90HRB;≤200HV處理工藝播報編輯熱處理規(guī)范：固溶1010～1150℃快冷。金相組織：組織特征為奧氏體型。由于含有較高的鎳且在室溫下呈奧氏體單相組織，所以它與Cr13不銹鋼相比具有高的耐蝕性，在低溫、室溫及高溫下均有較高的塑性和韌性，以及較好的冷作成型和焊接性。但室溫下的強度較低，晶間腐蝕及應(yīng)力腐蝕傾向較大，切削加工性較差。 奧氏體在加熱時無相變,因此不能通過熱處理強化。只能以提高鋼的耐腐蝕性能進行熱處理：(1)固溶處理：其目的是使碳化物充分溶解并在常溫下保留在奧氏體中，從而在常溫下獲單相奧氏體組織，使鋼具有最高的耐腐蝕性能。固溶處理的加熱溫度一般均較高，在1050-1100C之間，并按含碳量的高低作適當(dāng)調(diào)整。由于18-8不銹鋼導(dǎo)熱性很差，不僅要通過預(yù)熱后再進行淬火加熱,而且在固溶處理(淬火加熱)時的保溫時間要長。固溶處理時，要特別注意防止增碳。因為增碳將會增加18-8鋼的晶間腐蝕傾向。冷卻介質(zhì),一般采用清水。固溶處理后的組織一般是單相奧氏體,但對含有鈦、鈮、鉬的不銹鋼，尤其當(dāng)是鑄件時,還含有少量的鐵素體。固溶處理后的硬度一般在135HBS左右。(2)除應(yīng)力退火：為了消除冷加工后的殘余應(yīng)力，處理在較低的溫度下進行。一般加熱至250-425C，經(jīng)常采用的是300-350C。對于不含鈦或鈮的鋼不應(yīng)超過450C，以免析出碳化鉻而引起晶間腐蝕。為了消除焊接后的殘余應(yīng)力,消除鋼對應(yīng)力腐蝕的敏感性,處理一般在較高的溫度下進行。加熱溫度一般不低于850C。冷卻方式，對于含有鈦或鈮的鋼可直接在空氣中冷卻；對于不含有鈦或鈮的鋼應(yīng)水冷至500C以后再在空氣中冷卻。(3)穩(wěn)定化處理：為了防止鈦和鈮的奧氏體不銹鋼在焊接或固溶處理時，由于TiC和NbC減少而引起耐晶間腐蝕性能降低,需將這種不銹鋼加熱到一定溫度后 (該溫度使鉻的碳化物完全溶于奧氏體，而TiC和NbC只部分溶解)再緩冷。在冷卻過程中,使鋼中的碳充分地與鈦和鈮化合,析出穩(wěn)定的TiC和NbC，而不析出鉻的碳化物，從而消除18-8奧氏體不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕傾向,這種處理過程稱之為穩(wěn)定化處理。交貨狀態(tài)播報編輯一般以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨，其熱處理種類在合同中注明；未注明者，按不熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。0Cr18Ni9Ti含有抵抗晶間腐蝕的鈦，0Cr18Ni9沒有。鋼廠規(guī)格品名規(guī)格/mm材質(zhì)品名規(guī)格/mm材質(zhì)光亮圓棒3.0-250Cr18Ni9熱軋鋼板4-100Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼12-500Cr18Ni9熱軋鋼板8-100Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф100-1300Cr18Ni9熱軋鋼板12-160Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф140-1500Cr18Ni9熱軋鋼板18-200Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф160-1700Cr18Ni9熱軋鋼板22-280Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф16-400Cr18Ni9熱軋鋼板30-340Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф200-2800Cr18Ni9鍛打鋼板80-1000Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф50-700Cr18Ni9鍛打鋼板1600Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф50-900Cr18Ni9鍛打鋼板1700Cr18Ni9熱軋圓鋼Ф50-950Cr18Ni9鍛打鋼板1800Cr18Ni9國外牌號對照表播報編輯中國 美國 日本 德國 歐盟0Cr18Ni9 304 SUS304 X5CrNi18-101.4301新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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0Cr18Ni9 產(chǎn)品詳細介紹： 概述 0Cr18Ni9不銹鋼在最新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中稱為S30408號鋼。 0Cr18Ni9作為不銹鋼耐熱鋼使用最廣泛，用于食品用設(shè)備，一般化工設(shè)備，原子能用工業(yè)設(shè)備。通俗的講0Cr18Ni9就是304不銹鋼板，0Cr18Ni9Ti就是321，一個是國標(biāo)，一個是美標(biāo)，321是因為原來冶煉技術(shù)不好，無法降低碳含量才研制的，現(xiàn)在因冶煉技術(shù)的提高，超低碳鋼冶煉已經(jīng)很平常，所以321有被淘汰的趨勢。目前321的產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)很少了。只有一些軍工還在使用。0Cr18Ni9鋼(AISI304)是奧氏體不銹鋼，是在最初發(fā)明的18-8型奧氏體不銹鋼的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展演變的鋼種，該鋼是不銹鋼的主體鋼種，其產(chǎn)量約占不銹鋼總產(chǎn)量曲30%以上。由于此鋼具有奧氏體結(jié)構(gòu)，它不可能通過熱處理手段予以強化，只能采用冷變形方式達到提高強度的目的。鋼的奧氏體結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了它的良好冷、熱加工性能、無磁性和好的低溫性能。0Cr18Ni9鋼薄截面尺寸的焊接件具有足夠的耐晶間腐蝕能力，在氧化性酸(HNO3)中具有優(yōu)良的耐蝕性，在堿溶液和大部分有機酸和無機酸中以及大氣、水、蒸汽中耐蝕性亦佳。 0Cr18Ni9鋼的良好性能，使其成為應(yīng)用量最大、使用范圍最廣的不銹鋼牌號，此鋼適于制造深沖成型的部件以及輸送腐蝕介質(zhì)管道、容器，結(jié)構(gòu)件等，0Cr18Ni9亦可用子制造無磁、低溫設(shè)備和部件。 0Cr19Ni10(AISI304L)是在0Cr18Ni9基礎(chǔ)上，通過降低碳和稍許提高含鎳量的超低碳型奧氏體不銹鋼。此鋼是為了解決因Cr23C6析出致使0Cr18Ni9鋼在一些條件下存在嚴(yán)重的晶間腐蝕傾向而發(fā)展的。在開發(fā)初期，因冶金生產(chǎn)降碳較難，一度曾妨礙了它的廣泛應(yīng)用，在20世紀(jì)70年代新的二次精煉方法AOD和VOD工藝成功用于生產(chǎn)后，此鋼才真正得到廣泛應(yīng)用。與0Cr18Ni9比較，此鋼強度稍低，但其敏化態(tài)耐晶間腐蝕能力顯著優(yōu)于0Cr18Ni9。除強度外，此鋼的其他性能同于0Cr18Ni9。它主要用于需焊接且焊后又不能進行面溶處理的耐蝕設(shè)備和部件。上述兩個鋼種，在易產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力腐蝕環(huán)境和產(chǎn)生點蝕和縫隙腐蝕的條件下，在選用時應(yīng)慎重。 特性 具有良好的耐蝕性、耐熱性、低溫強度和機械性能，沖壓彎曲等熱加工性好，無熱處理硬化現(xiàn)象，無磁性。用途 家庭用品、櫥柜、室內(nèi)管線、熱水器、鍋爐、浴缸、汽車配件、醫(yī)療器具、建材、化學(xué)、食品工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、船舶部件?；瘜W(xué)成份 碳 C ：≤0.07 硅 Si：≤1.00 錳 Mn：≤2.00 硫 S ：≤0.030 磷 P ：≤0.035 鉻 Cr：17.00～19.00 鎳 Ni：8.00～11.00 力學(xué)性能 抗拉強度 σb (MPa)：≥520 條件屈服強度 σ0.2 (MPa)：≥205 伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥40 斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥60 硬度 ：≤187HBS;≤90HRB;≤200HV熱處理工藝 熱處理規(guī)范：固溶1010～1150℃快冷。 金相組織：組織特征為奧氏體型。 由于含有較高的鎳且在室溫下呈奧氏體單相組織，所以它與Cr13不銹鋼相比具有高的耐蝕性，在低溫、室溫及高溫下均有較高的塑歸和韌性，以及較好的冷作成型和焊接性。但室溫下的強度較低，晶間腐蝕及應(yīng)力腐蝕傾向較大，切削加工性較差。 奧氏體在加熱時無相變,因此不能通過熱處理強化。只能以提高鋼的耐腐蝕性能進行熱處理： 1)固溶處理；其目的是使碳化物充分溶解并在常溫下保留在奧氏體中，從而在常溫下獲單相奧氏體組織，使鋼具有最高的耐腐蝕性能。 固溶處理的加熱溫度一般均較高，在1050-1100C之間，并按含碳量的高低作適當(dāng)調(diào)整。由于18-8不銹鋼導(dǎo)熱性很差，不僅要通過預(yù)熱后再進行淬火加熱,而且在固溶處理(淬火加熱)時的保溫時間要長。固溶處理時，要特別注意防止增碳。因為增碳將會增加18-8鋼的晶間腐蝕傾向。冷卻介質(zhì),一般采用清水。固溶處理后的組織一般是單相奧氏體,但對含有鈦、鈮、鉬的不銹鋼，尤其當(dāng)是鑄件時,還含有少量的鐵素體。固溶處理后的硬度一般在135HBS左右。 2)除應(yīng)力退火；為了消除冷加工后的殘余應(yīng)力，處理在較低的溫度下進行。一般加熱至250-425C，經(jīng)常采用的是300-350C。對于不含鈦或鈮的鋼不應(yīng)超過450C，以免析出碳化鉻而引起晶間腐蝕。 為了消除焊接后的殘余應(yīng)力,消除鋼對應(yīng)力腐蝕的敏感性,處理一般在較高的溫度下進行。加熱溫度一般不低于850C。冷卻方式，對于含有鈦或鈮的鋼可直接在空氣中冷卻；對于不含有鈦或鈮的鋼應(yīng)水冷至500C以后再在空氣中冷卻。 3)穩(wěn)定化處理；為了防止鈦和鈮的奧氏體不銹鋼在焊接或固溶處理時，由于TiC和NbC減少而引起耐晶間腐蝕性能降低,需將這種不銹鋼加熱到一定溫度后 (該溫度使鉻的碳化物完全溶于奧氏體，而TiC和NbC只部分溶解)再緩冷。在冷卻過程中,使鋼中的碳充分地與鈦和鈮化合,析出穩(wěn)定的TiC和NbC，而不析出鉻的碳化物，從而消除18-8奧氏體不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕傾向,這種處理過程稱之為穩(wěn)定化處理。交貨狀態(tài) 一般以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨，其熱處理種類在合同中注明；未注明者，按不熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。 0Cr18Ni9Ti含有抵抗晶間腐蝕的鈦，0Cr18Ni9沒有。
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