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[2]不銹鋼是在大氣、水、酸、堿和鹽等溶液或其他腐蝕介質(zhì)中具有一定化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性的鋼的總稱。在不銹鋼中，不銹性和耐蝕性起關(guān)鍵作用的是合金元素鉻，隨著含鉻量的增加，其不銹性和耐蝕性也隨之增加。不銹鋼按組織結(jié)構(gòu)不同，分為奧氏體型、奧氏體 + 鐵素體型、鐵素體型、馬氏體型和沉淀硬化型不銹鋼五類。 [3]316L不銹鋼屬于奧氏體不銹鋼。 [4]奧氏體型不銹鋼的組織結(jié)構(gòu)是面心立方晶格，無磁性，不能通過熱處理進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化，只能采用冷加工強(qiáng)化手段來提高其強(qiáng)度。奧氏體型不銹鋼具有耐蝕性，常溫及低溫下的塑性、韌性良好，易成形，焊接性良好，在工業(yè)中應(yīng)用最為廣泛。其產(chǎn)量約占不銹鋼產(chǎn)量的 70%。其產(chǎn)品有板材、棒材、鋼管、鋼帶、鋼絲及鍛件等。 [3]316L不銹鋼具有良好的敏化態(tài)耐晶間腐蝕性能，適用于制造厚截面尺寸的焊接部件和設(shè)備，如石油化工、化肥、造紙、印染及核工業(yè)用設(shè)備的耐蝕材料。 [5]中文名316L外文名AISI 316L主要成分Cr，Ni，Mo標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牌號022Cr17Ni12Mo2目錄1化學(xué)成分2抗腐蝕性3力學(xué)性能4熱處理5金相組織6區(qū)別辨別化學(xué)成分播報編輯碳 C ：≤0.030硅 Si： ≤1.00錳 Mn：≤2.00硫 S ： ≤0.030磷 P ： ≤0.045鉻 Cr：16.00～18.00鎳 Ni：10.00～14.00鉬 Mo：2.00～3.00抗腐蝕性播報編輯316L因其優(yōu)異的耐腐蝕性在化工行業(yè)有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，316L也是屬于18-8型奧氏體不銹鋼的衍生鋼種，添加有2～3%的Mo元素。在316L的基礎(chǔ)上，也衍生出很多鋼種，比如添加少量Ti后衍生出316Ti，添加少量N后衍生出316N，增加Ni、Mo含量衍生出317L。市場上現(xiàn)有的316L大部分是按照美標(biāo)來生產(chǎn)的。出于成本考慮，鋼廠一般把產(chǎn)品的Ni含量盡量往下限靠。美標(biāo)規(guī)定，316L的Ni含量為10～14%，日標(biāo)則規(guī)定，316L的Ni含量為12～15%。按最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，美標(biāo)和日標(biāo)在Ni含量上有2%的區(qū)別，體現(xiàn)到價格上還是相當(dāng)巨大的，所以客戶在選購316L產(chǎn)品時還是需要看清，產(chǎn)品是參照ASTM還是JIS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。316L的Mo含量使得該鋼種擁有優(yōu)異的抗腐蝕能力，可以安全的應(yīng)用于含Cl－等鹵素離子環(huán)境。由于316L主要應(yīng)用的是其化學(xué)性能，鋼廠對316L的表面檢查要求稍低（相對304），對表面要求較高的客戶要加強(qiáng)表面檢查力度。力學(xué)性能播報編輯抗拉強(qiáng)度 σb (MPa)：≥480條件屈服強(qiáng)度 σ0.2 (MPa)：≥177伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥40斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥60硬度 ：≤187HB;≤90HRB;≤200HV密度：7.98g/cm3；比熱容比（20℃）：0.502J/(g*K)熱導(dǎo)率（W/(m*K)）100℃300℃500℃15.118.420.9熱處理播報編輯固溶1010～1150℃快冷。金相組織播報編輯組織特征為奧氏體不銹鋼。區(qū)別辨別播報編輯SUS316L不銹鋼最常用的兩種不銹鋼304，316（或?qū)?yīng)于德/歐標(biāo)的1.4308,1.4408），316與304在化學(xué)成分上的最主要區(qū)別就是316含Mo，而且一般公認(rèn)，316的耐腐蝕性更好些，比304在高溫環(huán)境下更耐腐蝕。 [1]所以在高溫環(huán)境下，工程師一般都會選用316材料的零部件。但所謂事無絕對，在濃硫酸環(huán)境下，再高溫度也千萬別用316.不然這事可就出大了。學(xué)機(jī)械的人都學(xué)過螺紋，還記得為了防止在高溫情況下螺紋咬死，需要涂抹的一種黑乎乎的固體潤滑劑吧：二硫化鉬（MoS2）,從中能得出2點結(jié)論：一：Mo確實是一種耐高溫的物質(zhì)。二：鉬很容易和高價硫離子反應(yīng)生成硫化物。所以沒有任何一種不銹鋼是超級無敵耐腐蝕的。說到底，不銹鋼就是一塊雜質(zhì)（不過這些雜質(zhì)可都比鋼更耐腐蝕）較多的鋼，是鋼就可以和別的物質(zhì)反應(yīng)。新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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2.4856金相組織結(jié)構(gòu):該合金在固溶狀態(tài)的組織為奧氏體基體和少量的TiN、NbC、和M6C相,經(jīng)650~900攝氏度長期時效后，所析出的相為γ"、δ、M23C6和M6C。1.對氧化和還原環(huán)境的各種腐蝕介質(zhì)都具有非常出色的抗腐蝕能力2.優(yōu)秀的抗點腐蝕和縫隙腐蝕的能力，并且不會產(chǎn)生由于氯化物引起的應(yīng)力腐蝕開裂3.優(yōu)秀的耐無機(jī)酸腐蝕能力，如硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、鹽酸以及硫酸和鹽酸的混合酸等4.優(yōu)秀的耐各種無機(jī)酸混合溶液腐蝕的能力5.溫度達(dá)40℃時，在各種濃度的鹽酸溶液中均能表現(xiàn)出很好的耐蝕性能6.良好的加工性和焊接性，無焊后開裂敏感性7.具有壁溫在-196～450℃的壓力容器的制造認(rèn)證8.經(jīng)美國腐蝕工程師協(xié)會NACE 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證（MR-01-75）符合酸性氣體環(huán)境使用的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等級VII 2.4856化學(xué)成分：合金 % 鎳 鉻 鉬 鈮鉭 鐵 鋁 鈦 碳 錳 硅 銅 磷 硫625 最小 58 20 8 3.15 最大 23 10 4.15 5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.015 0.015
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