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F46特殊不銹鋼-奧氏體不銹鋼300系列
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疇化學(xué)目錄1簡(jiǎn)介2結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)3性能?物理性能?電絕緣性能?熱性能?耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性?力學(xué)性能?其他性能4工藝要點(diǎn)5應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)介播報(bào)編輯F46樹脂既具有與聚四氟乙烯相似的特性，又具有熱塑性塑料的良好加工性能。因而它彌補(bǔ)了聚四氟乙烯加工困難的不足，使其成為代替聚四氟乙烯的材料，在電線電纜生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用于高溫高頻下使用的電子設(shè)備傳輸電線、電子計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部的連接線、航空宇宙用電線及其特種用途安裝線、油泵電纜和潛油電機(jī)繞組線的絕緣層。根據(jù)加工需要，F(xiàn)46可分為粒料、分散液和漆料三種。其中，粒料按其熔融指數(shù)的不同，可供模壓、擠出和注射成型用；分散液供浸漬燒結(jié)用；漆料供噴涂等用。結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)播報(bào)編輯F－46樹脂和聚四氟乙烯一樣，也是完全氟化的結(jié)構(gòu)，不同的是聚四氟乙烯主鏈的部分氟原子被三氟甲基（－CF3）所取代，結(jié)構(gòu)式如下：由此可見，F(xiàn)－46樹脂和聚四氟乙烯雖都由碳氟元素組成，碳鏈周圍完全被氟原子包圍著，但F－46其大分子的主鏈上有分支和側(cè)鏈。這種結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別對(duì)于材料在長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)力下的溫度范圍上限來(lái)看，無(wú)很大影響，F(xiàn)－46的上限溫度為200℃，而聚四氟乙烯的最高使用溫度是260℃。但是，這種結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別，卻使F－46樹脂具有相當(dāng)確定的熔點(diǎn)，并可用一般的熱塑性加工方法成型加工，使加工工藝大為簡(jiǎn)化。這是聚四氟乙烯所不具備的。這便是用六氟丙烯改性聚四氟乙烯的主要目的。性能播報(bào)編輯F－46中六氟丙烯的含量對(duì)共聚體的性能是有一定的影響。目前生產(chǎn)的F－46樹脂的六氟丙烯的含量，通常在14%－25%（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)）左右。物理性能F－46樹脂的分子量測(cè)定，目前尚無(wú)可行的方法。但它在380℃時(shí)的熔融粘度要比聚四氟乙烯低，為103－104Pa．s?？梢奆－46的分子量比聚四氟乙烯低得多。F－46的熔點(diǎn)隨共聚體的組分不同而有一定的差異，共聚體中六氟丙烯的含量的增加時(shí)，熔點(diǎn)變低。按差熱分析法所測(cè)得的結(jié)果，國(guó)產(chǎn)F－46樹脂的熔點(diǎn)大多在250－270℃之間，比聚四氟乙烯低。F－46樹脂是一種結(jié)晶性高聚物，結(jié)晶度比聚四氟乙烯低一些，當(dāng)F－46熔體緩慢冷卻到晶體熔點(diǎn)以下溫度時(shí)，大分子重新結(jié)晶，結(jié)晶度在50%－60%之間；當(dāng)熔體以淬火方式迅速冷卻時(shí)，結(jié)晶度較小，在40%－50%之間。F－46的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，均為球晶結(jié)構(gòu)，并隨樹脂和加工成型溫度及熱處理方式的不同而有一定的差異。電絕緣性能F－46的電絕緣性能和聚四氟乙烯十分相近。它的介電系數(shù)從深冷到最高工作溫度，從50Hz到1010Hz超高頻的廣闊范圍內(nèi)幾乎不變，并且很低，僅2．1左右。介質(zhì)損耗角正切隨頻率的變化則有些變化，但隨溫度變化不大。F－46樹脂的體積電阻率很高，一般大于1015?．m，且隨溫度變化甚微，也不受水和潮氣的影響。耐電弧大于165s。F－46的擊穿場(chǎng)隨厚度的減少而提高，當(dāng)厚度大于1mm時(shí)，擊穿場(chǎng)強(qiáng)在30kV/mm以上，但不隨溫度的變化而變化。熱性能F－46樹脂的耐熱性能 僅次于聚四氟乙烯，能在－85－+200℃的溫度范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)使用。即使在－200℃和+260℃的極限情況下，其性能也不惡化，可以短時(shí)間使用。F－46樹脂的熱分解溫度高于熔點(diǎn)溫度，在400℃以上才發(fā)生顯著的熱分解，分解產(chǎn)物主要是四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯。由于F－46大分子通常帶有的等端基在熔點(diǎn)以上溫度時(shí)也會(huì)分解，因此300℃以上進(jìn)行加工時(shí)也必須注意適當(dāng)?shù)耐L(fēng)。F－46在熔點(diǎn)溫度以下是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的，但在200℃高溫下機(jī)械強(qiáng)度損失較大。圖2是F－46樹脂的熔融指數(shù)在恒溫下的瞬間變化情況，熔融指數(shù)表示F－46在372℃，5000g重力下，10min內(nèi)流過(guò)規(guī)定孔徑的克數(shù)，因此，可用熔融指數(shù)的增加來(lái)分析熔體粘度的減少及共聚物發(fā)生熱分解的情況。圖3是F－46與F－4絕緣電線相比較的壽命曲線。F－46在－250℃時(shí)仍不定期完硬脆，還保持有很小的伸長(zhǎng)率和一定的曲撓性，比聚四氟乙烯甚至更好些，是其他所有各類塑料所不及的。耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性F－46的耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性與聚四氟乙烯相似，具有優(yōu)異的耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。除與高溫下的氟元素、熔融的堿金屬和三氟化氯等發(fā)生反應(yīng)外，與其他化學(xué)藥品接觸時(shí)均不被腐蝕。力學(xué)性能F－46與聚四氟乙烯相比，硬度及抗拉強(qiáng)度略有提高，摩擦系數(shù)也比聚四氟乙烯略大。常溫下，F(xiàn)－46具有較好的耐蠕變性能；但當(dāng)溫度高于100℃時(shí)，耐蠕變性能反而不及聚四氟乙烯。其他性能F－46樹脂在大氣中抗氧化性能非常好，耐大氣穩(wěn)定性高。F－46的耐輻照性要比聚四氟乙烯好，略遜于聚乙烯。在空氣中和室溫下，F(xiàn)－46開始出現(xiàn)性能變化的最小吸收劑量為105－106rad?既103－104Gy，故可作耐輻照材料使用。工藝要點(diǎn)播報(bào)編輯F－46具有較好的加工工藝性能?？刹捎猛ǔ５臄D出法包覆電線電纜的絕緣層。為了正確設(shè)計(jì)擠出機(jī)和模具，控制和掌握F－46樹脂的加工條件，首先應(yīng)了解F－46的流變性能。F－46在390℃溫度下剪切應(yīng)力與剪切速率的關(guān)系。其粘度μA隨剪切速率加而下降。 F－46的臨界剪切速率，如果剪切速率超過(guò)此數(shù)值，就會(huì)引起塑料流動(dòng)的下均勻，結(jié)果使制品表面粗糙，無(wú)光澤和起層。F－46的臨界剪切速率值與聚乙烯，尼龍相比相差懸殊，因而熔融破裂問(wèn)題尤為嚴(yán)重。F－46樹脂在加工中有兩個(gè)特征，即具有熔融破裂的傾向和熔融狀態(tài)時(shí)有特高的可拉伸性。為了在電線電纜生產(chǎn)中盡量消除或改善熔融破裂和提高生產(chǎn)率，通常采取以下措施：第一，采用擠管式模具，擴(kuò)大模子的開口，以減慢聚合物在?？诘牧魉伲怪诘陀谂R界剪切速率的適中擠出速度下擠出樹脂，并提高生產(chǎn)率；第二，在不致使樹脂分解的前提下，盡可能提高熔融樹脂的溫度，以降低樹脂粘度，從而提高其臨界剪切速率。（1） 擠出機(jī)螺桿的主要參數(shù)F－46的擠出機(jī)，一般采用單頭全螺紋、等距、突變壓縮型螺桿。為保證F－46樹脂的充分塑化，螺桿的均化區(qū)長(zhǎng)度，通常占螺桿全長(zhǎng)的25%左右；螺桿頂端呈圓錐形，以防止樹脂的停滯和分解。螺桿的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下：長(zhǎng)徑比L/D 20 螺距 1D加料區(qū)長(zhǎng)度 15．5D 壓縮區(qū)長(zhǎng)度 0．5D均化區(qū)長(zhǎng)度難關(guān) 4D 螺紋寬帶 0．1D加料區(qū)螺紋槽深 ?h1 1/6D均化區(qū)螺紋槽深 ?h2 1/18D壓縮比 ?h1/h2 3?2 F－46絕緣電線擠出工藝要點(diǎn)（1）供料：F－46擠出前，先在120℃下預(yù)烘3h左右為宜。（2）導(dǎo)電線芯預(yù)熱：為保證擠出的F－46絕緣層內(nèi)外溫度均一，導(dǎo)電線芯應(yīng)預(yù)熱至300－350℃。（3）擠出機(jī)的溫度分布：擠出機(jī)一般以280℃（進(jìn)料口）至380℃（機(jī)頭）直線上升的溫度分布為好；機(jī)頭溫度波動(dòng)范圍不大于±5℃，并應(yīng)在不致使樹脂分解的前提下，盡量提高機(jī)頭溫度，以降低樹脂的熔融粘度。擠出機(jī)機(jī)身（自進(jìn)料口至機(jī)頭）、機(jī)頭、模套的參考溫度如下：機(jī)身 第一段 280－310℃ 第二段 315－330℃第三段 340－360℃ 第四段 360－380℃機(jī)頭 380℃ 模套 380－410℃（4）模套的拉伸比：宜選擇在50－200范圍內(nèi)。（5）螺桿的轉(zhuǎn)速：協(xié)同溫度將螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)好后，在F－46樹脂擠出加工過(guò)程中不要變動(dòng)頻繁，如有必要可稍加調(diào)整。螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速應(yīng)隨導(dǎo)電線芯截面的大小而有所不同，一般可取5－15r/min。（6）模具模口保溫：保溫區(qū)應(yīng)布滿整個(gè)拉伸區(qū)，保溫溫度在350－380℃，以避免F－46的錐體至成型之前，由于表面驟冷而形成應(yīng)力，從而導(dǎo)致絕緣開裂。（7）絕緣電線冷卻：從擠出機(jī)擠出后的電線采用水冷。?？谂c水槽距離以較近為宜，建議不大于20cm。（8）設(shè)置濾網(wǎng)。為改善F－46樹脂的塑化和混合質(zhì)量，增加反壓力，擠出機(jī)螺桿端部應(yīng)加2－3層濾網(wǎng)為宜。（9）每批F－46材料應(yīng)力求以最佳情況擠出，保證塑化良好，錐體透亮，無(wú)氣泡，表面光滑，錐體與模套間無(wú)“眼屎”。每批料要做好工藝記錄，以便積累資料和工藝數(shù)據(jù)，有利于質(zhì)量分析。F－46絕緣電線在樹脂質(zhì)量不佳和擠出工藝不當(dāng)時(shí)，絕緣層會(huì)發(fā)生開裂現(xiàn)象，其主要原因是：（a）絕緣層有內(nèi)應(yīng)力。生產(chǎn)內(nèi)應(yīng)力的原因很多，例如加工過(guò)程中樹脂組成不均所引起的塑化不良和加工工藝不當(dāng)?shù)?。（b）絕緣中大球晶、片晶交界面聯(lián)系分子鏈少，或球晶過(guò)大、脆弱（c）不穩(wěn)定基團(tuán)產(chǎn)生的大分子的斷鏈（d）樹脂分子量過(guò)小或分布過(guò)寬，使材料承受強(qiáng)度降低。（e）六氟丙烯含量過(guò)低，組成分布不均勻。應(yīng)用播報(bào)編輯聚全氟乙丙烯樹脂具有與聚四氟乙烯相似的特性，又有熱塑塑料的良好加工工藝，因而使之成為代替聚四氟乙烯的重要材料。F－46在電線電纜生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用于高溫高頻下使用的電子設(shè)備傳輸線，電子計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部的連接線，航空宇宙用電線，及其他特種用途安裝線、油礦測(cè)井電纜、潛油電機(jī)繞組線、微電機(jī)引出線等等。新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問(wèn)內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過(guò)詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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F46 F46被認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)氧化性特別是濃硝酸介質(zhì)用材中bai綜du合性能最好的材料，用于間接法（硝酸鎂zhi法）濃硝酸的裝置里的管道、閥門、冷凝器、泵類等使用效果非常好。 F46的應(yīng)用范圍： 礦物化學(xué)：濃硝酸的生產(chǎn) 有機(jī)化學(xué)：使用濃硝酸（硝化） 核工業(yè)：蒸發(fā)器在硝酸環(huán)境下工作，以濃縮聚變產(chǎn)物 冶金工業(yè)：坦克–用于亞硫酸氮混合物的設(shè)備 化學(xué)工業(yè)：亞硫酸鉻混合物，極富氧化性的溶液 F46鋼可在化工、化肥、礦山、冶金、國(guó)防、石化、醫(yī)藥、化纖、農(nóng)藥、染料、造紙、食品等行業(yè)廣泛使用。C4不銹鋼管主要用于耐濃硫酸濃硝酸尤其是耐濃度為98%以上的濃硫酸、濃硝酸項(xiàng)目! F46的熱處理： 鑄件升溫至1050℃，經(jīng)保溫后入水冷卻，進(jìn)行固溶處理，以獲得最佳耐腐蝕性能。焊接： 有良好的焊接性能，用奧0.12 硅焊條進(jìn)行手工電弧焊，鑄件焊后應(yīng)進(jìn)行固溶化處理。耐蝕性能： F46鋼是強(qiáng)氧化性用材，它在常溫下可耐硝酸的全濃度，在鉻酸中也有極好的耐蝕性，在其他的腐蝕介質(zhì)中也優(yōu)于18-8型不銹鋼。 PRODUCT PARAMETERS 產(chǎn)品參數(shù) 化學(xué)成分 成分 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo N 最小值 - 3.7 - - - 16.5 14 - - 最大值 0.015 4.5 2 0.025 0.01 18.5 16 0.2 0.11 物理性能 抗拉強(qiáng)度： 530-730 N/mm² 屈服強(qiáng)度0.2％： 210 ≥N /mm² 伸長(zhǎng)： 40/30 ≥％ 布氏硬度： 230 ≤HB
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