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用產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用于抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的德國牌號(hào)X10CrNiTi189英國牌號(hào)304S12、321920日本牌號(hào)SUS321目錄1不銹鋼概述?特性?應(yīng)用?公差2物理性能?化學(xué)成份?力學(xué)性能?熱處理規(guī)范?金相組織3不銹鋼知識(shí)?種類?不銹鋼作用?典型用途?表面狀態(tài)?未來展望不銹鋼概述播報(bào)編輯奧氏體不銹鋼相當(dāng)于國產(chǎn)0Cr18Ni10Ti美國牌號(hào)為：321、S32100、TP321特性其中的Ti作為穩(wěn)定化元素存在,但它同時(shí)是熱強(qiáng)鋼種,在高溫方面比316L要好的多.在不同濃度、不同溫度的有機(jī)酸和無機(jī)酸中,尤其是在氧化性介質(zhì)中具有良好的耐磨蝕性能,用于制造耐磨酸容器和耐磨設(shè)備的襯里、輸送管道。是Ni-Cr-Ti型奧氏體不銹鋼，其性能與304非常相似，但是由于加入了金屬鈦，使其具有了更好的耐晶界腐蝕性及高溫強(qiáng)度。由于添加金屬鈦，使其有效的控制了碳化鉻的形成。圖片具有的優(yōu)異的高溫應(yīng)力破斷(Stress Rupture)性能及高溫抗蠕變性能(Creep Resistance)應(yīng)力機(jī)械性能都優(yōu)于304不銹鋼。適宜做高溫下使用的焊接構(gòu)件。應(yīng)用應(yīng)用于抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的化學(xué)、煤炭、石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的野外露天機(jī)器，建材耐熱零件及熱處理有困難的零件，如：1 . 石油廢氣燃燒管道2 . 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣管3 . 鍋爐外殼，熱交換器，加熱爐部件4 . 柴油機(jī)用消音部件5 . 鍋爐壓力容器6 . 化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸車7 . 伸縮接頭8 . 燃爐管道及烘干機(jī)用螺旋焊管9.航空器公差尺寸及允許偏差偏差等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化外徑允許偏差D1±1.5%，最小±0.75 mmD2±1.0%。最小±0.50 mmD3±0.75%．最小±0.30 mmD4±0.50%。最小±0.10 mm不銹鋼管重量公式:[(外徑-壁厚)*壁厚]*0.02491=kg/米(每米的重量)物理性能播報(bào)編輯化學(xué)成份碳 C ：≤0.08硅 Si：≤1.00錳 Mn：≤2.00硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.045鉻 Cr：17.00～19.00鎳 Ni：9.00～12.00鈦 Ti：≥5×C%力學(xué)性能抗拉強(qiáng)度 σb (MPa)：≥520條件屈服強(qiáng)度 σ0.2 (MPa)：≥205伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥40斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥50硬度 ：≤187HB;≤90HRB;≤200HV熱處理規(guī)范熱處理規(guī)范：(1)固溶920～1150℃快冷; (2)根據(jù)需方要求可進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定化處理,熱處理溫度為850～930℃,但必須在合同中注明。（3） 固溶溫度不能超過1066℃，超過的話，必須進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定化處理，以防止鉻的析出。金相組織金相組織：組織特征為奧氏體型?！窠回洜顟B(tài)：一般以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨，其熱處理種類在合同中注明；未注明者，按不熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。不銹鋼知識(shí)播報(bào)編輯不銹鋼（Stainless Steel）指耐空氣、蒸汽、水等弱腐蝕介質(zhì)和酸、堿、鹽等化學(xué)浸蝕性介質(zhì)腐蝕的鋼， 又稱不銹耐酸鋼。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，常將耐弱腐蝕介質(zhì)腐蝕的鋼稱為不銹鋼，而將耐化學(xué)介質(zhì)腐蝕的鋼稱為耐酸鋼。由于兩者在化學(xué)成分上的差異，前者不一定耐化學(xué)介質(zhì)腐蝕，而后者則一般均具有不銹性。不銹鋼的耐蝕性取決于鋼中所含的合金元素。種類不銹鋼常按組織狀態(tài)分為：馬氏體鋼、鐵素體鋼、奧氏體鋼等。另外，可按成分分為：鉻不銹鋼、鉻鎳不銹鋼和鉻錳氮不銹鋼等。 1、鐵素體不銹鋼：含鉻12%～30%。其耐蝕性、韌性和可焊性隨含鉻量的增加而提高，耐氯化物應(yīng)力腐蝕性能優(yōu)于其他種類不銹鋼。 屬于這一類的有Crl7、Cr17Mo2Ti、Cr25，Cr25Mo3Ti、Cr28等。鐵素體不銹鋼因?yàn)楹t量高，耐腐蝕性能與抗氧化性能均比較好，但機(jī)械性能與工藝性能較差，多用于受力不大的耐酸結(jié)構(gòu)及作抗氧化鋼使用。這類鋼能抵抗大氣、硝酸及鹽水溶液的腐蝕，并具有高溫抗氧化性能好、熱膨脹系數(shù)小等特點(diǎn)，用于硝酸及食品工廠設(shè)備，也可制作在高溫下工作的零件，如燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)零件等。 2、奧氏體不銹鋼：含鉻大于18%，還含有 8%左右的鎳及少量鉬、鈦、氮等元素。綜合性能好，可耐多種介質(zhì)腐蝕。奧氏體不銹鋼的常用牌號(hào)有1Cr18Ni9、0Cr19Ni9等。0Cr19Ni9鋼的wC＜0.08%，鋼號(hào)中標(biāo)記為“0”。這類鋼中含有大量的Ni和Cr，使鋼在室溫下呈奧氏體狀態(tài)。這類鋼具有良好的塑性、韌性、焊接性和耐蝕性能，在氧化性和還原性介質(zhì)中耐蝕性均較好，用來制作耐酸設(shè)備，如耐蝕容器及設(shè)備襯里、輸送管道、耐硝酸的設(shè)備零件等。奧氏體不銹鋼一般采用固溶處理，即將鋼加熱至1050～1150℃，然后水冷，以獲得單相奧氏體組織。 3、奧氏體 - 鐵素體雙相不銹鋼：兼有奧氏體和鐵素體不銹鋼的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并具有超塑性。 奧氏體和鐵素體組織各約占一半的不銹鋼。在含C較低的情況下，Cr含量在18%~28%，Ni含量在3%~10%。有些鋼還含有Mo、Cu、Si、Nb、Ti，N等合金元素。該類鋼兼有奧氏體和鐵素體不銹鋼的特點(diǎn)，與鐵素體相比，塑性、韌性更高，無室溫脆性，耐晶間腐蝕性能和焊接性能均顯著提高，同時(shí)還保持有鐵素體不銹鋼的475℃脆性以及導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)高，具有超塑性等特點(diǎn)。與奧氏體不銹鋼相比，強(qiáng)度高且耐晶間腐蝕和耐氯化物應(yīng)力腐蝕有明顯提高。雙相不銹鋼具有優(yōu)良的耐孔蝕性能，也是一種節(jié)鎳不銹鋼。 4、馬氏體不銹鋼：強(qiáng)度高，但塑性和可焊性較差。 馬氏體不銹鋼的常用牌號(hào)有1Cr13、3Cr13等，因含碳較高，故具有較高的強(qiáng)度、硬度和耐磨性，但耐蝕性稍差，用于力學(xué)性能要求較高、耐蝕性能要求一般的一些零件上，如彈簧、汽輪機(jī)葉片、水壓機(jī)閥等。這類鋼是在淬火、回火處理后使用的。不銹鋼作用不銹鋼不會(huì)產(chǎn)生腐蝕、點(diǎn)蝕、銹蝕或磨損。不銹鋼還是建筑用金屬材料中強(qiáng)度最高的材料之一。由于不銹鋼具有良好的耐腐蝕性，所以它能使結(jié)構(gòu)部件永久地保持工程設(shè)計(jì)的完整性。含鉻不銹鋼還集機(jī)械強(qiáng)度和高延伸性于一身，易于部件的加工制造，可滿足建筑師和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)人員的需要 。典型用途大多數(shù)的使用要求是長期保持建筑物的原有外貌。在確定要選用的不銹鋼類型時(shí)，主要考慮的是所要求的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、所在地大氣的腐蝕性以及要采用的清理制度。 然而，其它應(yīng)用越來越多的只是尋求結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性或不透水性。例如，工業(yè)建筑的屋頂和側(cè)墻。在這些應(yīng)用中，物主的建造成本可能比審美更為重要，表面不很干凈也可以。 在干燥的室內(nèi)環(huán)境中使用304不銹鋼效果相當(dāng)好。但是，在鄉(xiāng)村和城市要想在戶外保持其外觀，就需經(jīng)常進(jìn)行清洗。在污染嚴(yán)重的工業(yè)區(qū)和沿海地區(qū)，表面會(huì)非常臟，甚至產(chǎn)生銹蝕。但要獲得戶外環(huán)境中的審美效果，就需采用含鎳不銹鋼。所以，304不銹鋼廣泛用于幕墻、側(cè)墻、屋頂及其它建筑用途，但在侵蝕性嚴(yán)重的工業(yè)或海洋大氣中，最好采用316不銹鋼。 不銹鋼拉門 人們已充分認(rèn)識(shí)到了在結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用中使用不銹鋼的優(yōu)越性。有幾種設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則中包括了304和316不銹鋼。因?yàn)?quot;雙相"不銹鋼2205已把良好的耐大氣腐蝕性能和高抗拉強(qiáng)度及彈限強(qiáng)度融為一體，所以，歐洲準(zhǔn)則中也包括了這種鋼。 產(chǎn)品形狀 實(shí)際上，不銹鋼是以全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的金屬形狀和尺寸生產(chǎn)制造的，而且還有許多特殊形狀。最常用的產(chǎn)品是用薄板和帶鋼制成的，也用中厚板生產(chǎn)特殊產(chǎn)品，例如，生產(chǎn)熱軋結(jié)構(gòu)型鋼和擠壓結(jié)構(gòu)型鋼。而且還有圓型、橢圓型、方型、矩型和六角型焊管或無縫鋼管及其它形式的產(chǎn)品，包括型材、棒材、線材和鑄件。表面狀態(tài)正如后面將談到的，為了滿足建筑師們美學(xué)的要求，已開發(fā)出了多種不同的商用表面加工。例如，表面可以是高反射的或者無光澤的；可以是光面的、拋光的或壓花的；可以是著色的、彩色的、電鍍的或者在不銹鋼表面蝕刻有圖案，也可進(jìn)行拉絲等，以滿足設(shè)計(jì)人員對(duì)外觀的各種要求。 保持表面狀態(tài)是容易的。只需偶爾進(jìn)行沖洗就能去除灰塵。由于耐腐蝕性良好，也可以容易地去除表面的涂寫污染或類似的其它表面污染。未來展望由于不銹鋼已具備建筑材料所要求的許多理想性能，它在金屬中可以說是獨(dú)一無二的，而其發(fā)展仍在繼續(xù)。為使不銹鋼在傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用中性能更好，一直在改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有的類型，而且，為了滿足高級(jí)建筑應(yīng)用的嚴(yán)格要求，正在開發(fā)新的不銹鋼。由于生產(chǎn)效率不斷提高，質(zhì)量不斷改進(jìn)，不銹鋼已成為建筑師們選擇的最具有成本效益的材料之一。 不銹鋼集性能、外觀和使用特性于一身，所以不銹鋼仍將是世界上最佳的建筑材料之一。新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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SUS321 SUS321不銹鋼是Ni-Cr-Ti型奧氏體不銹鋼，具有耐磨蝕性、耐高溫、抗蠕變性等，用于制造耐磨酸容器和耐磨設(shè)備的襯里、輸送管道。 SUS321不銹鋼其中的Ti作為穩(wěn)定化元素存在,但它同時(shí)是熱強(qiáng)鋼種,在高溫方面比316L要好的多.321不銹鋼在不同濃度、不同溫度的有機(jī)酸和無機(jī)酸中,尤其是在氧化性介質(zhì)中具有良好的耐磨蝕性能,用于制造耐磨酸容器和耐磨設(shè)備的襯里、輸送管道。 SUS321不銹鋼是Ni-Cr-Ti型奧氏體不銹鋼，其性能與304非常相似，但是由于加入了金屬鈦，使其具有了更好的耐晶界腐蝕性及高溫強(qiáng)度。由于添加金屬鈦，使其有效的控制了碳化鉻的形成。 SUS321不銹鋼具有的優(yōu)異的高溫應(yīng)力破斷(Stress Rupture)性能及高溫抗蠕變性能(Creep Resistance)應(yīng)力機(jī)械性能都優(yōu)于304不銹鋼。適宜做高溫下使用的焊接構(gòu)件。 應(yīng)用 應(yīng)用于抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的化學(xué)、煤炭、石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的野外露天機(jī)器，建材耐熱零件及熱處理有困難的零件，如： 1 . 石油廢氣燃燒管道 2 . 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣管 3 . 鍋爐外殼，熱交換器，加熱爐部件 4 . 柴油機(jī)用消音部件 5 . 鍋爐壓力容器 6 . 化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸車 7 . 伸縮接頭 8 . 燃爐管道及烘干機(jī)用螺旋焊管 9.航空器 PRODUCT PARAMETERS 產(chǎn)品參數(shù) 化學(xué)成分 成分 C Si Mn P S Ni Cr N Ti 最小值 - - - - - 9 17 - 0.5 最大值 0.08 1 2 0.045 0.03 12 19 0.1 0.7 力學(xué)性能 抗拉強(qiáng)度 σb (MPa)：≥520 條件屈服強(qiáng)度 σ0.2 (MPa)：≥205 伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥40 斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥50 硬度 ：≤187HB;≤90HRB;≤200HV
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