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15CRMO合金圓鋼-合金結構鋼
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.block-item .block-title{color:#333;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-title svg{color:#aaa;margin-right:10px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content{padding:5px 0 0 30px;width:210px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content>a{color:#666;cursor:pointer;float:left;margin-bottom:5px;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:90px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content>a:hover{color:#338de6;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content .block-content-new-icon{height:7px;left:52px;position:absolute;top:3px}網(wǎng)頁新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤圖片視頻地圖文庫資訊采購百科百度首頁登錄注冊進入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁秒懂百科特色百科知識專題加入百科百科團隊權威合作個人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+1015CrMo播報討論上傳視頻耐熱鋼15CrMo鋼系珠光體組織耐熱鋼，在高溫下具有較高的熱強性（δb≥440MPa）和抗氧化性，并具有一定的抗氫腐蝕能力。由于鋼中含有較高含量的Cr、C和其它合金元素，鋼材的淬硬傾向較明顯，焊接性差。中文名15CrMo特 點有較高的熱強性和抗氧化性執(zhí)行標準GB/T 3077-2006鋼板標準GB/T11251-2009目錄1執(zhí)行標準2焊接性?焊接材料?試驗結果3焊接工藝4評定試驗5表面熱處理6化學成分7力學性能8應用舉例9現(xiàn)貨規(guī)格執(zhí)行標準播報編輯GB/T 3077-2015 鋼板標準GB/T11251-2009。焊接性播報編輯焊接材料針對15CrMo鋼的焊接性的工作特點，根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗，參照國外提供的焊接工藝卡，選擇兩種方案進行焊接試驗。方案Ⅰ：焊接預熱，采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TIG焊打底，E8018-B2焊條，焊條電弧焊蓋面，焊后進行局部熱處理。方案Ⅱ：采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TIG焊打底，E309Mo-16焊條，焊條填充電弧焊蓋面，焊后不進行熱處理。焊絲和焊條的化學成分及力學性能見表1。試驗結果試驗方案 拉伸試驗 彎曲試驗沖擊韌性試驗aky（J/cm2）抗拉強度δb/Mpa 斷裂部位 彎曲角度 面彎 背彎 焊縫 熔合線 熱影響區(qū)(HAZ)方案Ⅰ 550/530 母材 50。 合格 合格 84.8 162 135.6方案Ⅱ 525/520 母材 50。 合格 合格 79.4 109.2 96.7焊接工藝播報編輯方案Ⅰ：焊接預熱，采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TiG焊打底。E8018-B2焊條，焊條電弧焊蓋面，焊后進行局部熱處理。方案Ⅱ：采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TiG焊打底。E309Mo-16焊條，焊條填充電弧焊蓋面，焊后不進行熱處理。焊絲和焊條的化學成分及力學性能見表1。表1 焊接材料的化學成分和力學性能型號 C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo S P δb/Mpa δ,% ;ER80S-B2L≤0.05 0.70.41.2 ＜0.20.5 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤500 25 ;E8018-B2 0.070.7 0.3 1.1 0.5 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 550 19 ;E309Mo-16≤0.12 0.5～2.5 0.9 22.0～25.0 12.0～14.0 2.0～3.0≤0.025≤0.035 550 25 ;焊前準備試件采用15CrMo鋼管,規(guī)格為φ325×25，坡口型式及尺寸見圖1。焊前用角向磨光機將坡口內(nèi)外及坡口邊緣50mm范圍內(nèi)打磨至露出金屬光澤，然后用丙酮清洗干凈。試件為水平固定位置，對口間隙為4mm，采用手工鎢極氬弧焊沿園周均勻點焊六處，每處點固長度應不小于20mm。焊條按表2的規(guī)范進行烘烤。焊條烘烤規(guī)范焊條型號 烘烤溫度 保溫時間E8018-B2 300 ℃ 2hE309Mo-16 150 ℃ 1.5h工藝參數(shù)按方案Ⅰ焊前需進行預熱，根據(jù)Tto-Bessyo等人提出的計算預熱溫度公式：To=350√[C]-0.25（℃） 式中，To——預熱溫度，℃。[C]=[C]x [C]p [C]p=0.005S[C]x[C]x=C （Mn Cr）/9 Ni/18 7Mo/90 式中，[C]x——成分碳當量；[C]p——尺寸碳當量； S——試件厚度（本文中S=25mm）;[C]x=C （Mn Cr）/9 7/90Mo=0.361[C]p=0.045 則To=138℃因此預熱溫度選為150℃。采用氧-乙炔焰對試件進行加溫，先用測溫筆粗略判斷試件表面的的溫度（以筆跡顏色變化快慢進行估計），最后用半導體點溫計測定，測量點至少應選擇三點，以保證試件整體均達到所要求的預熱溫度。焊接時，第一層采用手工鎢極氬弧焊打底，為避免仰焊處焊縫背面產(chǎn)生凹陷，送絲時采用內(nèi)填絲法，即焊絲通過對口間隙從管內(nèi)送入。其余各層采用焊條電弧焊，共焊6層，每個焊層一條焊道。方案Ⅰ和方案Ⅱ的焊接工藝參數(shù)見表3、4。按方案Ⅰ焊表3 方案Ⅰ的焊接工藝參數(shù)焊道名稱 焊接方法 焊接材料 焊材規(guī)格/mm 焊接電流/A 電弧電壓/V 預熱及層間溫度 熱處理規(guī)范打底層鎢板氬弧焊ER80S-B2L φ2.4 110 12填充層焊條電弧焊E8018-B2 φ3.2 5 85～90 23～25150℃ 715。×75min蓋面層 焊條電弧焊 E8018-B2 φ3.2 5 85～90 23～25表4 方案Ⅱ的焊接工藝參數(shù)焊道名稱 焊接方法 焊接材料 焊材規(guī)格/mm 焊接電流/A 電弧電壓/V 預熱及層間溫度 熱處理規(guī)范打底層 鎢板氬弧焊 ER80S-B2L φ2.4 110 12填充層 焊條電弧焊 E309Mo-16 φ3.2 90～95 22～24 / /蓋面層 焊條電弧焊 E309Mo-16 φ3.2 90～95 22～24接時，層間溫度應不低于150℃，為防止中斷焊接而引起試件的降溫，施焊時應由二名焊工交替操作，焊后應立即采取保溫緩冷措施。熱處理采用方案Ⅰ焊接的試件，焊后應進行局部高溫回火處理。熱處理的工藝為：升溫速度為200℃/h，升到715℃保溫1小時15分鐘，降溫速度100℃/h，降到300℃后空冷。具體采用JL-4型履帶式電加熱器（1146×310）包繞焊縫，用硅酸鋁棉層保溫，保溫層厚度50mm，溫度控制采用DJK-A型電加熱器自動控溫儀。評定試驗播報編輯試件焊后按JB4730-94《壓力容器無損檢測》標準進行100%的超聲波探傷檢驗，焊縫Ⅰ級合格。按JB4708《鋼制壓力容器焊接工藝評定》標準進行焊接工藝評定試驗。評定結果見表5。表5 焊接工藝評定試驗結果試驗方案 拉伸試驗 彎曲試驗 沖擊韌性試驗aky（J/cm2）抗拉強度δb/Mpa 斷裂部位 彎曲角度 面彎 背彎 焊縫 熔合線 熱影響區(qū)(HAZ)方案Ⅰ 550/530 母材 50。 合格 合格 84.8 162 135.6方案Ⅱ 525/520 母材 50。 合格 合格 79.4 109.2 96.7從拉伸試驗結果可知，兩種方案的拉伸試樣全部斷在母材，說明焊縫的抗拉強度高于母材；彎曲試驗全部合格，說明焊縫的塑性較好。根據(jù)表5中的沖擊韌性試驗結果可知，方案Ⅰ的沖擊韌性明顯高于方案Ⅱ，證明方案Ⅰ的焊后熱處理規(guī)范比較理想，高溫回火不僅達到了改善接頭組織和性能目的，而且使韌性與強度配合適當。從室溫機械性能結果可知，所推薦的兩種焊接工藝方案均可用于現(xiàn)場施工。方案Ⅰ采用了與母材成分接近的焊條，焊縫性能同母材匹配，焊縫應具有較高的熱強性，焊縫在高溫下長期使用不易破壞。難點是焊后熱處理規(guī)范較為嚴格，回火溫度和保溫時間及加熱和冷卻速度控制不當反而會引起焊縫性能下降。方案Ⅱ采用了奧氏體不銹鋼焊條施焊，雖然可以省去焊后熱處理，但由于焊縫與母材膨脹系數(shù)不同，長期高溫工作時可發(fā)生碳的擴散遷移現(xiàn)象，容易導致焊縫在熔合區(qū)發(fā)生破壞。因此，從使用可靠性考慮，現(xiàn)場采用方案Ⅰ施焊更為穩(wěn)妥。4 結論15CrMo鋼厚壁高壓管的焊接采用兩種焊接方案均為可行。為了保證焊縫性能同母材匹配且具有較高的熱強性，采用方案Ⅰ效果更佳，關鍵是要嚴格控制焊后熱處理工藝。方案Ⅱ雖可省去焊后熱處理，但焊縫在高溫下發(fā)生碳的遷移擴散而導致焊縫破壞的可能性不容忽視，因此，只有在焊后無法進行熱處理時才慎重采用。表面熱處理播報編輯熱處理是提高與改良15CrMo合金圓鋼性能的極為有效措施，它對于產(chǎn)品的可靠性與經(jīng)濟性均起到十分重要的作用。15CrMo合金圓鋼的熱處理通常包括普通熱處理（退火、正火、淬火、回火）和表面熱處理（表面淬火及化學熱處理一滲碳、氮化、滲金屬等）兩大類。在機械工程中，許多機器零件，例如內(nèi)燃機的曲軸、齒輪、凸輪軸以及重要減速器中的齒輪等，不僅要求心部有足夠的韌性、塑性和抗彎強度，且要求表面一定厚度內(nèi)有高硬度、高耐磨性和高的疲勞強度。前述的各種整體熱處理方式難以同時滿足上述各項性能要求，采用表面熱處理則是同時達到這些性能要求的最有效方法。表面熱處理就是通過改變15CrMo合金圓鋼表層的組織以改變表面性能的一種熱處理方式。表面淬火一一只改變表層組織，而不改變表層化學成分的熱處理。它可以用高頻、中頻或工頻電流感應加熱方式或用火焰加熱方式實現(xiàn)。其共同特點是設法使15CrMo合金圓鋼表面迅速加熱到淬火溫度，而在熱量尚未傳至零件心部時，隨即迅速冷卻，使表面硬度高，而心部仍有較高韌性?；瘜W處理一一使15CrMo合金圓鋼的表層化學成分與組織均發(fā)生改變的熱處理方式?；瘜W熱處理按照15CrMo合金圓鋼表面滲入元素的不同，可分為滲碳、氮化、碳氮共滲、滲金屬等方法。它對提高和改善15CrMo合金圓鋼的耐磨性、抗腐蝕性、抗疲勞性等是十分有效的。當前來化學熱處理發(fā)展迅速，新技術的應用甚多。-材質(zhì)執(zhí)行標準規(guī)格合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008840×120合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008426×20-22-30合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008426×12-14-16合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008377×24-45合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008377×10-12-16合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008325×25-32合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008325×16-20合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008325×10-12-14合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008273×16-20合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008273×10-12-14合金板15CrMoGB5310-2008219×14-16-20合金管15CrMoGB5310-2008219×8-9-10-12合金管15CrMoGB5310-2008168×8-12-16-20合金管15CrMoGB5310-2008159×8-10-12-16合金管15CrMoGB5310-2008133×6-8-10-14合金管15CrMoGB5310-2008114×6-8-10合金管15CrMoGB5310-200889×6-8-10合金管15CrMoGB5310-200876×6-8-10-12合金管15CrMoGB5310-200863.5×4-6合金管15CrMoGB5310-200860×4-5-9合金管15CrMoGB5310-200857×4-6-8合金管15CrMoGB5310-200851×3.5-4-5-6金管管15CrMoGB5310-200848×3.5-5-6-8合金管15CrMoGB5310-200845×3.5-6-7合金管15CrMoGB5310-200842×3.5-5-6合金管15CrMoGB5310-200838×3.5-4-5合金管15CrMoGB5310-200832×4-5-6合金管15CrMoGB5310-200828×4-6合金管15CrMoGB5310-200825×3.5化學成分播報編輯牌號化學成分（質(zhì)量分數(shù)）（%）-CMnSiCrMoNiNb+TaSP15CrMo0.12~0.180.40~0.700.17~0.370.80~1.100.40~0.55≤0.30_≤0.035≤0.035力學性能播報編輯牌號拉力強度MPa屈服點MPa伸長率（%）15CrMo440~64029522應用舉例播報編輯石油、石化、高壓鍋爐等，專門用途的無縫管有鍋爐用無縫管、地質(zhì)用無縫鋼管及石油用無縫管等多種。現(xiàn)貨規(guī)格播報編輯品名規(guī)格/mm材質(zhì)品名規(guī)格/mm材質(zhì)光亮圓棒3.0-2515CrMo熱軋鋼板4-1015CrMo熱軋圓鋼12-5015CrMo鍛打鋼板8-1015CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф100-13015CrMo鍛打鋼板12-1615CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф140-15015CrMo熱軋鋼板18-2015CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф160-17015CrMo鍛打鋼板22-2815CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф16-4015CrMo熱軋鋼板30-3415CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф16-4515CrMo鍛打鋼板35-7515CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф180-20015CrMo鍛打鋼板75-8015CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф200-28015CrMo鍛打鋼板80-10015CrMo熱軋圓鋼290-50015CrMo鍛打鋼板100-15015CrMo熱軋圓鋼500-150015CrMo鍛打鋼板15015CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф50-7015CrMo鍛打鋼板16015CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф50-30015CrMo鍛打鋼板17015CrMo熱軋圓鋼Ф50-9515CrMo鍛打鋼板18015CrMo新手上路成長任務編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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3077-2006"}]}]},{"key":"customDefault","title":"鋼板標準","isArray":false,"delimiter":"","data":[{"dataType":"text","text":[{"tag":"text","text":"GB/T11251-2009"}]}]}]},"lemmaCnt":1,"tips":{"isPolyseme":0},"encodeLemmaId":"baf19538e372fd20792eb539","versionUk":"neolXCoq637958d7xF-pBw","description":"15CrMo鋼系珠光體組織耐熱鋼，在高溫下具有較高的熱強性（δb≥440MPa）和抗氧化性，并具有一定的抗氫腐蝕能力。由于鋼中含有較高含量的Cr、C和其它合金元..."}window.__abbaidu_2020_subidgetf||(window.__abbaidu_2020_subidgetf=function(){return"01000000"}) 15crmo 15CrMo鋼系珠光體組織耐熱鋼，在高溫下具有較高的熱強性(δb≥440MPa)和抗氧化性，并具有一定的抗氫腐蝕能力。由于鋼中含有較高含量的Cr、C和其它合金元素，鋼材的淬硬傾向較明顯，焊接性差?；拘畔⒅形拿Q15CrMo特點有較高的熱強性和抗氧化性執(zhí)行標準GB/T 3077-2006鋼板標準GB/T11251-2009GB/T 3077-2006 鋼板標準GB/T11251-2009、舞陽企業(yè)標準、軍工標準。針對15CrMo鋼的焊接性的工作特點，根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗，參照國外提供的焊接工藝卡，我們選擇了兩種方案進行焊接試驗。方案Ⅰ:焊接預熱，采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TIG焊打底，E8018-B2焊條，焊條電弧焊蓋面，焊后進行局部熱處理。方案Ⅱ:采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TIG焊打底，E309Mo-16焊條，焊條填充電弧焊蓋面，焊后不進行熱處理。焊絲和焊條的化學成分及力學性能見表1。折疊試驗結果試驗方案 拉伸試驗 彎曲試驗沖擊韌性試驗aky(J/cm2)抗拉強度δb/Mpa 斷裂部位 彎曲角度 面彎 背彎 焊縫 熔合線 熱影響區(qū)(HAZ)折疊編輯本段焊接工藝方案Ⅰ:焊接預熱，采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TiG焊打底。E8018-B2焊條，焊條電弧焊蓋面，焊后進行局部熱處理。方案Ⅱ:采用ER80S-B2L焊絲，TiG焊打底。E309Mo-16焊條，焊條填充電弧焊蓋面，焊后不進行熱處理。焊絲和焊條的化學成分及力學性能見表1表1 焊接材料的化學成分和力學性能型號 C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo S P δb/Mpa δ,% ;ER80S-B2L≤0.05 0.70.41.2 <0.20.5 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤500 25 ;E8018-B2 0.070.7 0.3 1.1 0.5 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 550 19 ;E309Mo-16≤0.12 0.5~2.5 0.9 22.0~25.0 12.0~14.0 2.0~3.0≤0.025≤0.035 550 25 ;焊前準備試件采用15CrMo鋼管,規(guī)格為φ325×25，坡口型式及尺寸見圖1。焊前用角向磨光機將坡口內(nèi)外及坡口邊緣50mm范圍內(nèi)打磨至露出金屬光澤，然后用丙酮清洗干凈。試件為水平固定位置，對口間隙為4mm，采用手工鎢極氬弧焊沿園周均勻點焊六處，每處點固長度應不小于20mm。焊條按表2的規(guī)范進行烘烤。焊條烘烤規(guī)范焊條型號 烘烤溫度 保溫時間E8018-B2 300 ℃ 2hE309Mo-16 150 ℃ 1.5h工藝參數(shù)按方案Ⅰ焊前需進行預熱，根據(jù)Tto-Bessyo等人提出的計算預熱溫度公式:因此預熱溫度選為150℃。采用氧-乙炔焰對試件進行加溫，先用測溫筆粗略判斷試件表面的的溫度(以筆跡顏色變化快慢進行估計)，最后用半導體點溫計測定，測量點至少應選擇三點，以保證試件整體均達到所要求的預熱溫度。焊接時，第一層采用手工鎢極氬弧焊打底，為避免仰焊處焊縫背面產(chǎn)生凹陷，送絲時采用內(nèi)填絲法，即焊絲通過對口間隙從管內(nèi)送入。其余各層采用焊條電弧焊，共焊6層，每個焊層一條焊道。方案Ⅰ和方案Ⅱ的焊接工藝參數(shù)見表3、4。按方案Ⅰ焊表3 方案Ⅰ的焊接工藝參數(shù)焊道名稱 焊接方法 焊接材料 焊材規(guī)格/mm 焊接電流/A 電弧電壓/V 預熱及層間溫度 熱處理規(guī)范打底層鎢板氬弧焊ER80S-B2L φ2.4 110 12填充層焊條電弧焊E8018-B2 φ3.2 5 85~90 23~25150℃ 715?！?5min蓋面層 焊條電弧焊 E8018-B2 φ3.2 5 85~90 23~25表4 方案Ⅱ的焊接工藝參數(shù)焊道名稱 焊接方法 焊接材料 焊材規(guī)格/mm 焊接電流/A 電弧電壓/V 預熱及層間溫度 熱處理規(guī)范打底層 鎢板氬弧焊 ER80S-B2L φ2.4 110 12接時，層間溫度應不低于150℃，為防止中斷焊接而引起試件的降溫，施焊時應由二名焊工交替操作，焊后應立即采取保溫緩冷措施。熱處理采用方案Ⅰ焊接的試件，焊后應進行局部高溫回火處理。熱處理的工藝為:升溫速度為200℃/h，升到715℃保溫1小時15分鐘，降溫速度100℃/h，降到300℃后空冷。具體采用JL-4型履帶式電加熱器(1146×310)包繞焊縫，用硅酸鋁棉層保溫，保溫層厚度50mm，溫度控制采用DJK-A型電加熱器自動控溫儀。
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