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[2]。主要型號(hào)包括PM-35-7、PM-35-25及PM-35-35，對(duì)應(yīng)孔徑分別為7微米、25微米和35微米，由日本新東等廠商生產(chǎn)。2025年河鋼工業(yè)技術(shù)推出3D打印大層厚透氣鋼，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)首發(fā) [1] [3]。該材料內(nèi)部均勻分布網(wǎng)狀微孔，兼具透氣性與高強(qiáng)度，可降低注塑模具的注射壓力及成型時(shí)間，解決困氣導(dǎo)致的燒焦、流痕等問題。加工時(shí)需采用線切割或電脈沖等軟切削工藝，避免堵塞微孔，裝配需配合模胚排氣孔設(shè)計(jì)并控制鑲件厚度。除模具領(lǐng)域外，還可應(yīng)用于化工催化、電池制造及建筑隔音等場(chǎng)景。其制備工藝包括粉末混合、壓制成型及真空燒結(jié)，部分技術(shù)通過添加造孔劑優(yōu)化孔隙結(jié)構(gòu) [2-3]。中文名透氣鋼別 名多孔材料、多孔金屬制 備不銹鋼經(jīng)高溫?zé)Y(jié)而成生 產(chǎn)日本新東出廠狀態(tài)預(yù)硬至HV350-400(HRC35-40)目錄1透氣鋼概述2透氣鋼組織形成3透氣鋼別名4透氣鋼型號(hào)5透氣鋼成份組成6透氣鋼物理性能7透氣鋼的特性8優(yōu)勢(shì)9使用細(xì)則10使用小竅門11檢測(cè)硬度12解決辦法13國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展透氣鋼概述播報(bào)編輯出廠狀態(tài):預(yù)硬至HV350-400(HRC35-40)。PM-35透氣鋼是一種能“透氣”的優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材,由粉末燒結(jié)技術(shù)提煉而成。內(nèi)部含有一連串直徑為10微米的細(xì)孔,占鋼材總體積的20%-30%.這種特殊結(jié)構(gòu),不但擁有透氣能力,同時(shí)能保持注塑模具所需的高強(qiáng)度,高硬度及抗腐蝕性。因此,于注塑模具之適當(dāng)位置鑲上PM-35透氣鋼,由氣體所形成的注塑問題,可以完全清除,使成型加工更加完美。此外,PM-35透氣鋼具備良好之機(jī)械性能,在使用與制作注塑模具上,可采用一般模具鋼同一加工方法,如切削、研磨、放電加工等。透氣鋼組織形成播報(bào)編輯透氣鋼的形成主要就是由無數(shù)的鋼球擠壓在一起 （圖例），根據(jù)所注塑產(chǎn)品的材質(zhì)不同，設(shè)計(jì)了3種不同直徑的鋼球體，形成3種不同氣孔的透氣鋼。這些均勻的園形鋼球經(jīng)過高溫?zé)Y(jié)及一系列高科技加工工藝，形成可以透過氣體的且又有硬度又有強(qiáng)度的塑膠模具必備材料，可以算是塑膠模具解決困氣的革命性進(jìn)程。透氣鋼透氣鋼別名播報(bào)編輯一個(gè)產(chǎn)品由于使用人的喜好，或區(qū)域喜好，往往把一個(gè)產(chǎn)品叫成各種各樣的名稱，所以在這里就列舉透氣鋼的其他名稱：排氣鋼，排氣柱，疏氣鋼，透氣金屬，透氣材料，透氣鋼材，多孔材料，多孔金屬，透氣缸，日本新東透氣鋼,PORCERAX Ⅱ透氣鋼,PM-35透氣鋼等等。透氣鋼型號(hào)播報(bào)編輯型號(hào)有三種PM-35-7微米(7微米小氣孔),PM-35-25微米(25微米中氣孔),PM-35-35微米(35微米大氣孔)透氣鋼成份組成播報(bào)編輯化學(xué)成分%（只供參考）碳C 0.012硅Si 0.07鉻Cr 16.5鎳Ni 1.2錳Mn 0.17鉬Mo 1.9比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及特征特殊燒結(jié)粉末鋼用途適用于塑膠及壓鑄模具，解決因困氣所形成之品質(zhì)及效率問題透氣鋼物理性能播報(bào)編輯型號(hào)PM-35平均孔徑7micro;-3µm氣化量～25%密度6.3～6.5g/cm線性膨脹系數(shù)(在20～150℃)12.0～12.5*10℃熱傳遞系數(shù)（在室溫下）0.07～0.08cal/cm.sec.℃屈曲強(qiáng)度kgf/mm70～75拉伸強(qiáng)度kgf /mm45～50硬度(HV)350-400加工性能好透氣鋼的特性播報(bào)編輯一、降低注射壓力,減少成型和保壓時(shí)間。二、降低和消除成型件的內(nèi)應(yīng)力,防止產(chǎn)品的變形和曲翹。三、表面皮紋的塑料零件,由于高溫高壓產(chǎn)生的亮光皮紋,能解決要求亞光的表面。四、由于模具分型面的緊密配合,可以解決開模困難等情況。解決通常利用頂針、鑲件等無法提供足夠表面區(qū)域以容納可能產(chǎn)生的大量氣體等諸多問題,避免了利用分型面或其他排氣系統(tǒng)而產(chǎn)生的飛邊及其他瑕疵。五、可使由于澆口偏位、壁厚不勻、壁薄產(chǎn)品等較難成型問題得到解決和緩解。透氣鋼六、由于成型材料高溫產(chǎn)生的氣體和模具腔內(nèi)快速聚壓產(chǎn)生的燒焦、流痕、缺料、吸氣造成的零件變形等缺陷能得到充分解決。七、提高成型生產(chǎn)效率,節(jié)約生產(chǎn)成本。優(yōu)勢(shì)播報(bào)編輯1.解決注塑問題:利用PM-35透氣鋼的透氣性,可以解決注塑時(shí)所遇到的困難如困氣、夾水紋、不完整填充、毛刺等。2.減低損耗量:PM-35透氣鋼解決了注塑的問題,不但減低生產(chǎn)時(shí)的損耗量,同時(shí)亦減低對(duì)模具的損害。3.品質(zhì)控制:由PM-35透氣鋼所制成的產(chǎn)品,品質(zhì)良好,尺寸穩(wěn)定,減少事后加工之需要,從而提高生產(chǎn)力。4.節(jié)省能源:用于注塑時(shí)模腔內(nèi)的空氣能透過模具內(nèi)的細(xì)孔順利釋放,枕壓得以降低,減少能量消耗。使用細(xì)則播報(bào)編輯一.在進(jìn)行研磨加工或任何重型切削后,可能會(huì)堵塞微孔。應(yīng)使用線切割、電脈沖和激光等的軟切削加工（軟切削是指對(duì)工件有輕微作用力的，但不至表面組織產(chǎn)生變化的切削模式）,在線切割加工時(shí)應(yīng)稍提高加工速度,太慢有可能在微孔里產(chǎn)生電弧,對(duì)鉬絲不利。加工余量大時(shí)可以使用硬切削加工,但須留有0.1～0.2mm余量以軟加工來完成。在恢復(fù)透氣鋼的表面進(jìn)行通氣性恢復(fù)時(shí),處理之手法有多種:1.最佳處理方法是利用放電加工方法,作鏡面加工來清理堵塞透氣孔之鐵屑。2.以手磨的方法,用420 號(hào)研磨砂紙打磨,再以1200 號(hào)研磨砂紙拋光后完工。3.處理過程不單于透氣鋼內(nèi)模件之正面進(jìn)行,鑲件之內(nèi)側(cè)表面亦須以同樣方法處理,才可恢復(fù)鑲件之透氣性。4.于相接透氣鋼鑲件之模胚上設(shè)排氣孔。例:在30*30mm2的PM-35透氣鋼鑲件背后設(shè)一個(gè)?10mm左右的通氣孔和保養(yǎng)用進(jìn)氣接頭。它的作用是：1.把氣體導(dǎo)出模具.2.應(yīng)定期接入高壓空氣,清除污物,以保持透氣鋼微孔的暢通。二. PM-35透氣鋼作為鑲件時(shí),請(qǐng)盡量跟模架保持1/10的比例大小,即PM-35透氣鋼之體積是1或以上,模架之體積則為10 。PM-35透氣鋼鑲件的厚度應(yīng)保持在30mm-50mm 之間。PM-35透氣鋼鑲件的透氣度會(huì)受其厚度影響，材料愈厚,透氣性則愈低,但必須注意,如鑲件太薄的話,可能經(jīng)不起較大之注射壓力。在模具上應(yīng)合理安排位置、大小和數(shù)量。建議在動(dòng)模上使用。透氣鋼的透氣量的大小和表面積成正比,表面積越大,透氣量越大。高度越高,透氣量越弱,應(yīng)合理選擇直徑和厚度。三.在恢復(fù)透氣性處理過程后,必須把表面上的油穢清除,材料之內(nèi)部亦必須保持清潔,要徹底清潔油穢,必須按照：(1干燥,2超音波洗凈,3干燥)的工序進(jìn)行。要注意在加工時(shí)的冷卻液流入材料體內(nèi),長(zhǎng)時(shí)間會(huì)封堵微孔,應(yīng)在加工完成后迅速清洗。四.其他清除油污方法1.由模具中取出PM-35透氣鋼鑲件加熱至100℃-150℃,讓油氣化流失,再以壓縮空氣沖洗表面。2.如鑲件跟模架相連,可通過模胚的排氣口用壓縮空氣沖洗,把表面上的油穢清除。五.切削、研磨、WIRE CUT時(shí)所采用的切削油,盡量使用油性一類,如必須使用水溶性切削油時(shí),于加工后必須立刻用以上清除油穢方法,盡快除去鋼材中之水份。六.于進(jìn)行EDM線切割時(shí),最好使用直徑0.25mm或以上之銅線加工。但如必須使用直徑0.2mm 或以下的EDM銅線時(shí),必須把切割速度比平常加快1.5倍。七. PM-35透氣鋼不可進(jìn)行焊接（燒焊）加工。蝕刻時(shí)必須作加工前后之清潔處理。當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)鑲有PM-35透氣鋼內(nèi)模件的模具之透氣性變差時(shí),可嘗試進(jìn)行油穢處理,使其恢復(fù)通氣性。八.真空熱處理時(shí),會(huì)把尺寸收縮或少許變形,請(qǐng)注意預(yù)留加工量。九.切削時(shí)要使用M類之超硬合金刀具。不適用于熱固性塑膠/橡膠之注塑模具。不適用于要求鏡面拋光之模具上。不可使用SILICONE 系之脫模劑。經(jīng)防銹劑保護(hù)之透氣鋼,于使用前必須清除由防銹劑形成之油穢。十.合理使用拋光,最理想的是用超聲波機(jī)加工。800-1000#砂紙或油石能解決輕微的堵塞微孔的情況,但也要注意磨削物的清理,應(yīng)隨時(shí)檢查透氣性能,最好是在裝配完成后一邊進(jìn)氣一邊拋光。加工后用丙酮清洗,如果用超聲波加丙酮清洗,效果更佳。裝配時(shí)不應(yīng)用硬物直接敲打,這樣會(huì)閉塞微孔,應(yīng)用硬木或紫銅等墊板敲入。裝配后用丙酮或煤油涂在表面作為介質(zhì),利用出氣孔進(jìn)高壓空氣,檢查透氣效果。整個(gè)表面應(yīng)都均勻、有力地冒氣泡為正常。如發(fā)現(xiàn)透氣性能下降，可以用強(qiáng)化機(jī)、電脈沖、激光等軟加工方式彌補(bǔ),并用丙酮清洗,待完全干燥后即可恢復(fù)。由于材料是網(wǎng)狀微孔組織,不可用作大面積或整體的模具結(jié)構(gòu),否則會(huì)造成塑料制品精度下降和模具壽命降低。使用小竅門播報(bào)編輯有些客戶使用時(shí),認(rèn)為透氣鋼的孔徑不夠大,透氣性能不夠,可采用下列方法：濃硝酸----浸泡10-20分鐘----清水沖洗----用風(fēng)槍吹凈水漬----100左右度烘干如果還不夠理想,可重復(fù)開始。注意：1.這個(gè)清洗過程,可能減少外徑尺寸,要在未加工前使用。2.如果硝酸沾到皮膚,立即用清水洗凈。檢測(cè)硬度播報(bào)編輯1. 較簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是用銼刀銼。2. 用里氏表面硬度機(jī)才能準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)透氣鋼的硬度。解決辦法播報(bào)編輯1.有塑料碎屑或焦油堵塞微孔,應(yīng)使用合適的塑料稀釋溶劑,一小時(shí)后再進(jìn)高壓空氣檢查透氣質(zhì)量。2.由于鑲件、塑料添加劑、脫模劑等產(chǎn)生的油污堵塞,可由丙酮等清洗表面,再進(jìn)高壓空氣檢查效果。3.上述仍然不能解決問題,須用軟加工方式修補(bǔ),并用丙酮清洗,待完全干燥后即可恢復(fù)。不能解決流痕、花斑等:由于流痕等所引起的原因比較復(fù)雜,排氣不良、冷料穴的大小、料口的形狀和位置、模具溫度、塑料的性能等。所以首先要確定是何種原因造成的。透氣鋼只解決排氣不良。國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展播報(bào)編輯2025年1月消息，河鋼工業(yè)技術(shù)在增材制造領(lǐng)域率先推出3D打印大層厚透氣鋼，各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)均達(dá)到國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)首發(fā)。 [1]新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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說明： 透氣鋼是一種由細(xì)顆粒園球體粉末不銹鋼經(jīng)高溫?zé)Y(jié)而成，內(nèi)部各個(gè)方向均勻布滿微小排氣孔，也叫多孔材料或多孔金屬，應(yīng)用在注塑模具困氣等。由美國(guó)國(guó)際模具鋼(INTERNATIONAL MOLD STEEL, INC.)提供技術(shù)，日本新東(SINTOKOGIO,LTD.)生產(chǎn)。組成成分： 化學(xué)成分%（只供參考）碳C 0.012矽Si 0.07鉻Cr 16.5鎳Ni 1.2錳Mn 0.17鉬Mo 1.9比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及特征特殊燒結(jié)粉末鋼用途適用于塑膠及壓鑄模具，解決因困氣所形成之品質(zhì)及效率問題
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