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51CRV4合金圓鋼-彈簧鋼
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10089-2002的較高級(jí)彈簧鋼，廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車懸掛系統(tǒng)、工業(yè)機(jī)械及高負(fù)荷彈簧制造領(lǐng)域。其化學(xué)成分包含碳（0.47%-0.55%）、鉻（0.90%-1.20%）、釩（0.10%-0.25%）等元素，通過釩細(xì)化晶粒提升強(qiáng)度與韌性，并降低過熱敏感性。該材料經(jīng)850℃油淬及500℃回火處理，抗拉強(qiáng)度≥1274MPa，屈服強(qiáng)度≥1127MPa，疲勞壽命達(dá)300萬次，工作溫度上限為300℃。相比60Si2Mn彈簧鋼，在高溫下性能更穩(wěn)定，適用于更大直徑的閥門彈簧、活塞彈簧等高載荷場景，剪切/扭轉(zhuǎn)許用應(yīng)力≥1050MPa。焊接時(shí)需采用氬弧焊并配合280℃回火處理，以平衡接頭韌性與母材彈性。外文名執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn):EN 10089-2002.解 釋一種較高級(jí)彈簧應(yīng) 用較大截面的高負(fù)荷重要彈簧等目錄1用途2物理性能3焊接性能用途播報(bào)編輯是一種較高級(jí)彈簧，用作較大截面的高負(fù)荷重要彈簧及工作溫度＜300 ℃的閥門彈簧、活塞彈簧、安全閥彈簧。物理性能播報(bào)編輯化學(xué)成份50CrVA(1.8159)彈簧鋼(7張)碳 C ：0.47～0.55硅 Si：≤0.40錳 Mn：0.70～1.10硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030鉻 Cr：0.90～1.20鎳 Ni：≤0.35銅 Cu：≤0.25釩 V ：0.10～0.25力學(xué)性能抗拉強(qiáng)度 σb (MPa)：≥1274(130)屈服強(qiáng)度 σs (MPa)：≥1127(115)伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥10斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥40硬度 ：熱軋,≤321HB;冷拉+熱處理,≤321HB熱處理規(guī)范及金相組織熱處理規(guī)范：淬火850℃±20℃,油冷; 回火500℃±50℃(特殊需要時(shí),±30℃)?！窠回洜顟B(tài)：熱軋鋼材以熱處理或不熱處理狀態(tài)交貨，冷拉鋼材以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。60Si2Mn與兩者都是彈簧鋼，機(jī)械性能相近。60Si2Mn力學(xué)性能：σs≥1176Mpa，σb≥1274Mpa，δs≥5%，ψ≥25%力學(xué)性能：σs≥1175Mpa，σb≥1500Mpa，δs≥6%，ψ≥40%，剪切和扭轉(zhuǎn)許用應(yīng)力≥1050Mpa。疲勞壽命達(dá)到300萬次；剪切和扭轉(zhuǎn)許用應(yīng)力≥1050Mpa。的工作溫度可達(dá)300攝氏度，60Si2Mn只達(dá)250度。另外，60Si2Mn多用于板簧、蝸卷簧和30mm線徑以下彈簧的制造，多用于直徑較大的彈簧制造。焊接性能播報(bào)編輯氬弧焊對焊工藝為了減小電極的消耗，選擇直流正接進(jìn)行線材的對焊試驗(yàn)，即選用直流電源，線材接電源的正極，鎢極接電源的負(fù)極。含1%或2%氧化釷的鎢極發(fā)射電子效率高，電流承載能力好，且抗污染性能好，引弧容易并且電弧比較穩(wěn)定。為了便于操作，選擇直徑為2 mm的較細(xì)的釷鎢極，并且電極前端磨尖。由于氬氣較低的電弧電壓特性對于薄板和線材的手弧焊特別有益，因此選擇氬氣做保護(hù)氣體。試驗(yàn)選用直流手工氬弧焊機(jī)，焊接前，將鋼絲兩端頭仔細(xì)磨平，為防止焊點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生氣孔，用丙酮將端頭油污清洗干凈。將兩端磨平的線材放在平整潔凈的對正板，使兩端頭對正，接頭處不留間隙，用壓鐵壓住接頭兩側(cè)。將線材接焊機(jī)正極，鎢極接負(fù)極，分別將電流調(diào)至20 A，15 A，10 A，8 A進(jìn)行焊接。焊接時(shí)，在接頭旁邊引燃點(diǎn)弧并使之燃燒穩(wěn)定，將電弧移至接頭處使接頭金屬熔化后迅速將電弧熄滅，同時(shí)輕微施加頂鍛力，冷卻后即完成焊接過程，焊接過程中不使用填充焊絲。試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)焊接電流為20 A時(shí)，電弧燃燒劇烈，接頭處金屬飛濺嚴(yán)重，焊點(diǎn)塌陷嚴(yán)重。當(dāng)電流調(diào)至15 A時(shí)，電弧燃燒較平穩(wěn)，熔池飛濺少，但焊縫仍有塌陷。但電流降至10 A時(shí)，引弧容易，電弧燃燒穩(wěn)定，焊縫處沒有塌陷現(xiàn)象。圖2為焊接電流10 A時(shí)，用數(shù)碼相機(jī)在Leica MZ6型體視顯微鏡下拍下的焊接接頭形狀?？梢钥闯?，接頭的圓柱度較好，將其打磨后能滿足線鋸的要求。當(dāng)電流調(diào)至8 A以下時(shí)，引弧困難且電弧不穩(wěn)定，難以完成焊接過程。焊接接頭試驗(yàn)由于51crv4鋼具有過熱傾向，因此焊接熱影響區(qū)對接頭的力學(xué)性能影響很大。直徑0.7 mm的65Mn鋼絲經(jīng)氬弧焊對焊后接頭處非常硬脆，輕輕折彎焊點(diǎn)處，就會(huì)在熔合線或焊縫處脆斷，斷口呈明顯的脆性斷裂形貌。所得接頭由焊縫和熱影響區(qū)組成，沿接頭軸線測試從焊縫中心至母材各個(gè)區(qū)域的顯微硬度。測量結(jié)果表明，從母材到熱影響區(qū)及焊縫中部，顯微硬度急劇增加，焊縫中部硬度達(dá)HV 1 060，這說明熱影響區(qū)及焊縫中部生成了硬脆組織。對于這種具有硬脆組織的接頭，為了提高其韌性和塑性，降低其硬度，獲得硬度、強(qiáng)度、塑性和韌性的適當(dāng)配合，必須對焊接接頭進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)幕鼗鹛幚?。熱處理后，?yīng)將熱影響區(qū)的脆性消除，同時(shí)應(yīng)能使母材保持一定的強(qiáng)度和彈性?；鼗鹪谙涫诫娮锠t內(nèi)進(jìn)行，回火工藝見表1。將回火后的鋼絲焊接接頭處仔細(xì)打磨，使其直徑與母材直徑大致相等，再在WE-50拉伸試驗(yàn)機(jī)上進(jìn)行拉伸試驗(yàn)。每種回火處理的試樣取三根，取其拉力的平均值。由試驗(yàn)可以看出，330℃以上熱處理后，母材彈性基本消失，且斷裂均發(fā)生在母材處，而不發(fā)生在焊點(diǎn)及其熱影響區(qū)，這說明熱處理后雖然熱影響區(qū)的脆性完全消失，但母材的強(qiáng)度被大大削落（經(jīng)試驗(yàn)，所用母材的抗拉強(qiáng)度為1 663 MPa）。260℃保溫10 min時(shí)，雖然材料彈性基本不變，但熱影響區(qū)的脆性不能消除。當(dāng)加熱溫度為280℃，保溫10 min時(shí)效果最好，熱影響區(qū)的抗拉強(qiáng)度只比母材降低20%左右，而母材的彈性消失較小。將280℃回火處理的焊頭沿軸線方向測試縱剖面上各個(gè)區(qū)的顯微硬度，發(fā)現(xiàn)焊縫處的最高硬度值降低到HV 500左右，比未處理時(shí)的硬度降低大約1倍。 焊好的環(huán)形鋼絲不但應(yīng)能滿足一定的強(qiáng)度和彈性要求，而且具有一定的疲勞強(qiáng)度.新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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10089-2002."}]}]}],"right":[{"key":"customDefault","title":"解釋","isArray":false,"delimiter":"","data":[{"dataType":"text","text":[{"tag":"text","text":"一種較高級(jí)彈簧"}]}]},{"key":"application","title":"應(yīng)用","isArray":false,"delimiter":"","data":[{"dataType":"text","text":[{"tag":"text","text":"較大截面的高負(fù)荷重要彈簧等"}]}]}]},"lemmaCnt":1,"tips":{"isPolyseme":0},"encodeLemmaId":"35fbbd5343cb960ada7ea3e9","versionUk":"f-9p_Ybl9okHER8hxbIZkQ","description":"（1.8159）是符合歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EN 10089-2002的較高級(jí)彈簧鋼，廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車懸掛系統(tǒng)、工業(yè)機(jī)械及高負(fù)荷彈簧制造領(lǐng)域。其化學(xué)成分包含碳（0...."}window.__abbaidu_2020_subidgetf||(window.__abbaidu_2020_subidgetf=function(){return"01000000"}) 51CrV4(1.8159)彈簧鋼良好的力學(xué)性能和工藝性能，淬透性較高，加入釩使鋼的晶粒細(xì)化，降低過熱敏感性，提高了強(qiáng)度和韌性，具有高的疲勞強(qiáng)度，屈服比也較高，但焊接性差，冷因變形塑性低。用途51CrV4是一種較高級(jí)彈簧，用作較大截面的高負(fù)荷重要彈簧及工作溫度<300 ℃的閥門彈簧、活塞彈簧、安全閥彈簧。物理性能化學(xué)成份 50CrVA(1.8159)彈簧鋼(7張) 碳 C ：0.47～0.55硅 Si：≤0.40錳 Mn：0.70～1.10硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030鉻 Cr：0.90～1.20鎳 Ni：≤0.35銅 Cu：≤0.25釩 V ：0.10～0.25力學(xué)性能抗拉強(qiáng)度 σb (MPa)：≥1274(130)屈服強(qiáng)度 σs (MPa)：≥1127(115)伸長率 δ5 (%)：≥10斷面收縮率 ψ (%)：≥40硬度 ：熱軋,≤321HB;冷拉+熱處理,≤321HB熱處理規(guī)范及金相組織熱處理規(guī)范：淬火850℃±20℃,油冷; 回火500℃±50℃(特殊需要時(shí),±30℃)?！窠回洜顟B(tài)：熱軋鋼材以熱處理或不熱處理狀態(tài)交貨，冷拉鋼材以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。60Si2Mn與51CrV4兩者都是彈簧鋼，機(jī)械性能相近。60Si2Mn力學(xué)性能：σs≥1176Mpa，σb≥1274Mpa，δs≥5%，ψ≥25%51CrV4力學(xué)性能：σs≥1175Mpa，σb≥1500Mpa，δs≥6%，ψ≥40%，剪切和扭轉(zhuǎn)許用應(yīng)力≥1050Mpa。疲勞壽命達(dá)到300萬次；剪切和扭轉(zhuǎn)許用應(yīng)力≥1050Mpa。51CrV4的工作溫度可達(dá)300攝氏度，60Si2Mn只達(dá)250度。另外，60Si2Mn多用于板簧、蝸卷簧和30mm線徑以下彈簧的制造，51CrV4多用于直徑較大的彈簧制造。焊接性能氬弧焊對焊工藝為了減小電極的消耗，選擇直流正接進(jìn)行線材的對焊試驗(yàn)，即選用直流電源，線材接電源的正極，鎢極接電源的負(fù)極。含1%或2%氧化釷的鎢極發(fā)射電子效率高，電流承載能力好，且抗污染性能好，引弧容易并且電弧比較穩(wěn)定。為了便于操作，選擇直徑為2 mm的較細(xì)的釷鎢極，并且電極前端磨尖。由于氬氣較低的電弧電壓特性對于薄板和線材的手弧焊特別有益，因此選擇氬氣做保護(hù)氣體。試驗(yàn)選用直流手工氬弧焊機(jī)，焊接前，將鋼絲兩端頭仔細(xì)磨平，為防止焊點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生氣孔，用丙酮將端頭油污清洗干凈。將兩端磨平的線材放在平整潔凈的對正板，使兩端頭對正，接頭處不留間隙，用壓鐵壓住接頭兩側(cè)。將線材接焊機(jī)正極，鎢極接負(fù)極，分別將電流調(diào)至20 A，15 A，10 A，8 A進(jìn)行焊接。焊接時(shí)，在接頭旁邊引燃點(diǎn)弧并使之燃燒穩(wěn)定，將電弧移至接頭處使接頭金屬熔化后迅速將電弧熄滅，同時(shí)輕微施加頂鍛力，冷卻后即完成焊接過程，焊接過程中不使用填充焊絲。試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)焊接電流為20 A時(shí)，電弧燃燒劇烈，接頭處金屬飛濺嚴(yán)重，焊點(diǎn)塌陷嚴(yán)重。當(dāng)電流調(diào)至15 A時(shí)，電弧燃燒較平穩(wěn)，熔池飛濺少，但焊縫仍有塌陷。但電流降至10 A時(shí)，引弧容易，電弧燃燒穩(wěn)定，焊縫處沒有塌陷現(xiàn)象。圖2為焊接電流10 A時(shí)，用數(shù)碼相機(jī)在Leica MZ6型體視顯微鏡下拍下的焊接接頭形狀?？梢钥闯觯宇^的圓柱度較好，將其打磨后能滿足線鋸的要求。當(dāng)電流調(diào)至8 A以下時(shí)，引弧困難且電弧不穩(wěn)定，難以完成焊接過程。焊接接頭試驗(yàn)由于51crv4鋼具有過熱傾向，因此焊接熱影響區(qū)對接頭的力學(xué)性能影響很大。直徑0.7 mm的65Mn鋼絲經(jīng)氬弧焊對焊后接頭處非常硬脆，輕輕折彎焊點(diǎn)處，就會(huì)在熔合線或焊縫處脆斷，斷口呈明顯的脆性斷裂形貌。所得接頭由焊縫和熱影響區(qū)組成，沿接頭軸線測試從焊縫中心至母材各個(gè)區(qū)域的顯微硬度。測量結(jié)果表明，從母材到熱影響區(qū)及焊縫中部，顯微硬度急劇增加，焊縫中部硬度達(dá)HV 1 060，這說明熱影響區(qū)及焊縫中部生成了硬脆組織。對于這種具有硬脆組織的接頭，為了提高其韌性和塑性，降低其硬度，獲得硬度、強(qiáng)度、塑性和韌性的適當(dāng)配合，必須對焊接接頭進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)幕鼗鹛幚怼崽幚砗?，?yīng)將熱影響區(qū)的脆性消除，同時(shí)應(yīng)能使母材保持一定的強(qiáng)度和彈性?；鼗鹪谙涫诫娮锠t內(nèi)進(jìn)行，回火工藝見表1。將回火后的鋼絲焊接接頭處仔細(xì)打磨，使其直徑與母材直徑大致相等，再在WE-50拉伸試驗(yàn)機(jī)上進(jìn)行拉伸試驗(yàn)。每種回火處理的試樣取三根，取其拉力的平均值。由試驗(yàn)可以看出，330℃以上熱處理后，母材彈性基本消失，且斷裂均發(fā)生在母材處，而不發(fā)生在焊點(diǎn)及其熱影響區(qū)，這說明熱處理后雖然熱影響區(qū)的脆性完全消失，但母材的強(qiáng)度被大大削落（經(jīng)試驗(yàn)，所用母材的抗拉強(qiáng)度為1 663 MPa）。260℃保溫10 min時(shí)，雖然材料彈性基本不變，但熱影響區(qū)的脆性不能消除。當(dāng)加熱溫度為280℃，保溫10 min時(shí)效果最好，熱影響區(qū)的抗拉強(qiáng)度只比母材降低20%左右，而母材的彈性消失較小。將280℃回火處理的焊頭沿軸線方向測試縱剖面上各個(gè)區(qū)的顯微硬度，發(fā)現(xiàn)焊縫處的最高硬度值降低到HV 500左右，比未處理時(shí)的硬度降低大約1倍。 焊好的環(huán)形鋼絲不但應(yīng)能滿足一定的強(qiáng)度和彈性要求，而且具有一定的疲勞強(qiáng)度.
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