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別熱作模具鋼執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1299—2000統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號A2050目錄1產(chǎn)品介紹2化學(xué)成分?性能?熱處理工藝3化學(xué)成分分析產(chǎn)品介紹播報編輯4Cr5MoSiV1合金工具鋼簡稱合工鋼，是在碳工鋼的基礎(chǔ)上加入合金元素而形成的鋼種。其中合工鋼包括：量具刃具用鋼、耐沖擊工具用鋼、冷作模具鋼、熱作模具鋼、無磁模具鋼、塑料模具鋼。4Cr5MoSiV1是熱作模具鋼。執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1299—2000。統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號A20502；模具鋼材牌號4Cr5MoSiV1；化學(xué)成分播報編輯4Cr5MoSiV1化學(xué)成分%：碳 C ：0.32～0.45硅 Si：0.80～1.20錳 Mn：0.20～0.50硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030鉻 Cr：4.75～5.50鎳 Ni：允許殘余含量≤0.25銅 Cu：允許殘余含量≤0.30釩 V ：0.80～1.20鉬 Mo：1.10～1.75性能●物理性能：其密度為7.8t/m3；彈性模量E為210000MPa。4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的臨界溫度臨界點 溫度（近似值）/℃Ac1 860Ac3 915Ar1 775Ar3 815Ms 340Mf 2154Cr5MoSiV1鋼的線（膨）脹系數(shù)溫度/℃ 線（膨）脹系數(shù)/℃-120～100 9.1×10-620～200 10.3×10-620～300 11.5×10-620～400 12.2×10-620～500 12.8×10-620～600 13.2×10-620～700 13.5×10-64Cr5MoSiV1鋼的熱導(dǎo)率溫度/℃ 熱導(dǎo)率λ/W·(m·K)-125 32.2650 28.8●力學(xué)性能：4Cr5MoSiV1模具鋼硬度：退火≤235HB，壓痕直徑≥3.95mm熱處理工藝熱處理：（交貨狀態(tài)：布氏硬度HBW10/3000（小于等于235）），淬火：790度+-15度預(yù)熱，1000度（鹽?。┗?010度（爐控氣氛）+-6度加熱，保溫5~15min空冷，550度+-6度回火；退火、熱加工；交貨狀態(tài)：鋼材以退火狀態(tài)交貨。化學(xué)成分分析播報編輯4Cr5MoSiV1鋼是C-Cr-Mo-Si-V型鋼，在世界上的應(yīng)用極其普遍，同時各國許多學(xué)者對它進行了廣泛的研究,并在探究化學(xué)成分的改進。鋼的應(yīng)用廣泛和具有優(yōu)良的特性，主要由鋼的化學(xué)成分決定的。當(dāng)然鋼中雜質(zhì)元素必須降低，有資料表明,當(dāng)Rm在1550MPa時,材料含硫量由0.005%降到0.003%,會使沖擊韌度提高約13J。NADCA 207-2003標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就規(guī)定:優(yōu)級(premium)H13鋼含硫量小于0.005%,而超級(superior)的應(yīng)小于0.003%S和0.015%P。下面對4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的成分加以分析。 碳：美國AISI H13，UNS T20813，ASTM（最新版）的H13和FED QQ-T-570的4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的含碳量都規(guī)定為（0.32~0.45）%，是所有4Cr5MoSiV1鋼中含碳量范圍最寬的。德國X40CrMoV5-1和1.2344的含碳量為（0.37~0.43）%，含碳量范圍較窄，德國DIN17350中還有X38CrMoV5-1的含碳量為（0.36~0.42）%。日本SKD 61的含碳量為（0.32~0.42）%。我國GB/T 1299和YB/T 094中4Cr5MoSiV1和SM 4Cr5MoSiV1的含碳量為（0.32~0.42）%和（0.32~0.45）%，分別與SKD61和AISI H13相同。特別要指出的是：北美壓鑄協(xié)會NADCA 207-90、207-97和207-2003標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對H13鋼的含碳量都規(guī)定為（0.37~0.42）%。鋼中含碳量決定淬火鋼的基體硬度，按鋼中含碳量與淬火鋼硬度的關(guān)系曲線可以知道,H13鋼的淬火硬度在55HRC左右。對工具鋼而言，鋼中的碳一部分進入鋼的基體中引起固溶強化。另外一部分碳將和合金元素中的碳化物形成元素結(jié)合成合金碳化物。對熱作模具鋼,這種合金碳化物除少量殘留的以外，還要求它在回火過程中在淬火馬氏體基體上彌散析出產(chǎn)生兩次硬化現(xiàn)象。從而由均勻分布的殘留合金碳化合物和回火馬氏體的組織來決定熱作模具鋼的性能。由此可見，鋼中的含C量不能太低。含5%Cr的4Cr5MoSiV1鋼應(yīng)具有高的韌度，故其含C量應(yīng)保持在形成少量合金C化物的水平上。Woodyatt 和Krauss指出在870℃的Fe-Cr-C三元相圖上,H13鋼的位置在奧氏體A和（A+M3C+M7C3）三相區(qū)的交界位置處較好。相應(yīng)的含C量約0.4%。圖上還標(biāo)出增加C或Cr量使M7C3量增多,具有更高耐磨性能的A2和D2鋼以作比較。另外重要的是,保持相對較低的含C量是使鋼的Ms點取于相對較高的溫度水平(H13鋼的Ms一般資料介紹為340℃左右)，使該鋼在淬冷至室溫時獲得以馬氏體為主加少量殘余A和殘留均勻分布的合金C化物組織，并經(jīng)回火后獲得均勻的回火馬氏體組織。避免使過多殘余奧氏體在工作溫度下發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變影響工件的工作性能或變形。這些少量殘余奧氏體在淬火以后的兩次或三次回火過程中應(yīng)予以轉(zhuǎn)變完全。這兒順便指出，H13鋼淬火后得到的馬氏體組織為板條M+少量片狀M+少量殘余A。經(jīng)回火后在板條狀M上析出的很細的合金碳化物，國內(nèi)學(xué)者也作了一定工作。眾所周知，鋼中增加碳含量將提高鋼的強度，對熱作模具鋼而言，會使高溫強度、熱態(tài)硬度和耐磨損性提高，但會導(dǎo)致其韌度的降低。學(xué)者在工具鋼產(chǎn)品手冊文獻中將各類H型鋼的性能比較很明顯證明了這個觀點。通常認為導(dǎo)致鋼塑性和韌度降低的含碳量界限為0.4%。為此要求人們在鋼合金化設(shè)計時遵循下述原則:在保持強度前提下要盡可能降低鋼的含碳量,有資料已提出:在鋼抗拉強度達1550MPa以上時,含C量在0.3%-0.4%為宜。H13鋼的強度Rm，有文獻介紹為1503.1MPa(46HRC時)和1937.5MPa(51HRC時)。查閱FORD和GM公司資料推薦的TQ-1、Dievar和ADC3等鋼中的含C量都為0.39%和0.38%等，相應(yīng)的韌度指標(biāo)等列于表1，其理由可由此管窺所及。對要求更高強度的熱作模具鋼，采用的方法是在H13鋼成分的基礎(chǔ)上提高Mo含量或提高含碳量，這將在后面還會論及，當(dāng)然韌度和塑性的略為降低是可以預(yù)料的。2.2 鉻： 鉻是合金工具鋼中最普遍含有的和價廉的合金元素。在美國H型熱作模具鋼中含Cr量在2%~12%范圍。在我國合金工具鋼（GB/T1299）的37個鋼號中,除8CrSi和9Mn2V外都含有Cr。鉻對鋼的耐磨損性、高溫強度、熱態(tài)硬度、韌度和淬透性都有有利的影響，同時它溶入基體中會顯著改善鋼的耐蝕性能，在H13鋼中含Cr和Si會使氧化膜致密來提高鋼的抗氧化性。再則以Cr對0.3C-1Mn鋼回火性能的作用來分析，加入﹤6% Cr對提高鋼回火抗力是有利的，但未能構(gòu)成二次硬化；當(dāng)含Cr﹥6%的鋼淬火后在550℃回火會出現(xiàn)二次硬化效應(yīng)。人們對熱作鋼模具鋼一般選5%鉻的加入量。工具鋼中的鉻一部分溶入鋼中起固溶強化作用，另一部分與碳結(jié)合,按含鉻量高低以(FeCr)3C、(FeCr)7C3和M23C6形式存在，從而來影響鋼的性能。另外還要考慮合金元素的交互作用影響，如當(dāng)鋼中含鉻、鉬和釩時，Cr＞ 3%<sup>[14]</sup>時，Cr能阻止V4C3的生成和推遲Mo2C的共格析出，V4C3和Mo2C是提高鋼材的高溫強度和抗回火性的強化相<sup>[14]</sup>，這種交互作用提高該鋼耐熱變形性能。鉻溶入鋼奧氏體中增加鋼的淬透性。Cr﹑Mn﹑Mo﹑Si﹑Ni都與Cr一樣是增加鋼淬透性的合金元素。人們習(xí)慣用淬透性因子加以表征,一般國內(nèi)現(xiàn)有資料[15]還只應(yīng)用Grossmann等的資料,后來Moser和Legat[16,22]的更進一步工作提出由含C量和奧氏體晶粒度決定基本淬透性直徑Dic和合金元素含量確定的淬透性因子(示于圖3中)來計算合金鋼的理想臨界直徑Di,也可從下式作近似計算:Di=Dic×2.21Mn×1.40Si×2.13Cr×3.275Mo×1.47Ni (1)(1)式中各合金元素以質(zhì)量百分數(shù)表示。由該式，人們對Cr﹑Mn﹑Mo﹑Si和Ni元素影響鋼淬透性有相當(dāng)明確的半定量了解。Cr對鋼共析點的影響，它和Mn大致相似，在約5%的含鉻量時，共析點的含C量降到0.5%左右。另外Si﹑W﹑Mo﹑V﹑Ti的加入更顯著降低共析點含C量。為此可以知道：熱作模具鋼和高速鋼一樣屬于過共析鋼。共析含C量的降低，將增加奧氏體化后組織中和最后組織中的合金碳化物含量。鋼中合金C化物的行為與其自身的穩(wěn)定性有關(guān)，實際上，合金C化物的結(jié)構(gòu)、穩(wěn)定性與相應(yīng)C化物形成元素的d電子殼層和S電子殼層的電子欠缺程度相關(guān)[17]。隨著電子欠缺程度下降，金屬原子半徑隨之減小，碳和金屬元素的原子半徑比rc/rm增加，合金C化物由間隙相向間隙化合物變化，C化物的穩(wěn)定性減弱，其相應(yīng)熔化溫度和在A中溶解溫度降低，其生成自由能的絕對值減小，相應(yīng)的硬度值下降。具有面心立方點陣的VC碳化物，穩(wěn)定性高，約在900~950℃溫度開始溶解，在1100℃以上開始大量溶解（溶解終結(jié)溫度為1413℃）[17]；它在500~700℃回火過程中析出，不易聚集長大，能作為鋼中強化相。中等碳化物形成元素W 、Mo形成的M2C和MC 碳化物具有密排和簡單六方點陣，它們的穩(wěn)定性較差些，亦具較高的硬度、熔點和溶解溫度，仍可作為在500~650℃范圍使用鋼的強化相。M23C6(如Cr23C6等)具有復(fù)雜立方點陣，穩(wěn)定性更差，結(jié)合強度較弱，熔點和溶解溫度較低（在1090℃溶入A中），只有在少數(shù)耐熱鋼中經(jīng)綜合合金化后才有較高穩(wěn)定性（如（CrFeMoW）23C6）,可作為強化相。具有復(fù)雜六方結(jié)構(gòu)的M7C3(如Cr7C3、 Fe4Cr3C3或Fe2Cr5C3)的穩(wěn)定性更差，它和Fe3C類碳化物一樣很易溶解和析出，具有較大的聚集長大速度，一般不能作為高溫強化相[17]。我們?nèi)詮腇e-Cr-C三元相圖可以簡便了解H13鋼中的合金碳化物相。按Fe-Cr-C系700℃[18~20]和870℃[9]三元等溫截面的相圖,對含0.4%C鋼中,隨Cr量增加會出現(xiàn)（FeCr）3C（M3C）和（CrFe）7C3(M7C3)型合金碳化物。注意在870℃圖上,只有含Cr量大于11%才會出現(xiàn)（M23C6）。另外根據(jù)Fe-Cr-C三元系在5%Cr時的垂直截面,對含0.40%C的鋼在退火狀態(tài)下為α相（約固溶1%Cr）和（CrFe）7C3合金C化物。當(dāng)加熱至791℃以上形成奧氏體A和進入（α+A+M7C3）三相區(qū),在795℃左右進入（A+M7C3）兩相區(qū),約在970℃時,（CrFe）7C3消失,進入單相A區(qū)。當(dāng)基體含C量﹤0.33%時,在793℃左右才存在（M7C3+M23C6和A）的三相區(qū),在796℃進入（A+M7C3）區(qū)（0.30%C時），以后一直保持到液相。鋼中殘留的M7C3有阻止A晶粒長大的作用。Nilson提出，對1.5%C-13%Cr的成分合金，欠穩(wěn)定（CrFe）23C6不形成[20]。當(dāng)然,單以Fe-Cr-C三元系分析會有一些偏差,要考慮加入合金元素的影響。4Cr5MoSiV1回火溫度/℃室溫540-σ-1/ΜPa730510σ-1k670370-表 3-1-1 4Cr5MoSiV1鋼推薦的回火規(guī)范回火目的回火溫度/℃加熱設(shè)備冷卻回火硬度（HRC）清除應(yīng)力和降低硬度560～580熔融鹽浴或空氣爐空氣47～49①通常用兩次回火、第二次回火溫度應(yīng)比第一次低20℃。表3-1-2 4Cr5MoSiV1鋼推薦的表面處理規(guī)范工藝溫度/℃時間/h介質(zhì)擴散層-深度/mm顯微硬度（HV）----氰化氰化氮化560580530～5502812～2050%KCN+50%NCN天然氣+氨氨，α=30%～60%0.040.25～0.300.15～0.20690～640860～635760～550新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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4cr5mosiv1 特性及用途：系引進美國的H13空淬硬化熱作模具鋼。其性能、用途和4Cr5MoSiV鋼基本相同，但因其釩含量高一些，故中溫（600度）性能比4Cr5MoSiV鋼要好，是熱作模具鋼中用途很廣泛的一種代表性鋼號。4Cr5MoSiV1合金工具鋼簡稱合工鋼，是在碳工鋼的基礎(chǔ)上加入合金元素而形成的鋼種。其中合工鋼包括：量具刃具用鋼、耐沖擊工具用鋼、冷作模具鋼、熱作模具鋼、無磁模具鋼、塑料模具鋼。4Cr5MoSiV1是熱作模具鋼,，執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1299—2000。統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號A20502；牌號4Cr5MoSiV1；4Cr5MoSiV1化學(xué)成分%：碳 C ：0.32～0.45硅 Si：0.80～1.20錳 Mn：0.20～0.50硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030鉻 Cr：4.75～5.50鎳 Ni：允許殘余含量≤0.25銅 Cu：允許殘余含量≤0.30釩 V ：0.80～1.20鉬 Mo：1.10～1.75性能●物理性能：其密度為7.8t/m3；彈性模量E為210000MPa。4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的臨界溫度臨界點 溫度（近似值）/℃Ac1 860Ac3 915Ar1 775Ar3 815Ms 340Mf 2154Cr5MoSiV1鋼的線（膨）脹系數(shù)溫度/℃ 線（膨）脹系數(shù)/℃-120～100 9.1×10-620～200 10.3×10-620～300 11.5×10-620～400 12.2×10-620～500 12.8×10-620～600 13.2×10-620～700 13.5×10-64Cr5MoSiV1鋼的熱導(dǎo)率溫度/℃ 熱導(dǎo)率λ/W·(m·K)-125 32.2650 28.8●力學(xué)性能：硬度：退火≤235HB，壓痕直徑≥3.95mm熱處理工藝熱處理：（交貨狀態(tài)：布氏硬度HBW10/3000（小于等于235）），淬火：790度+-15度預(yù)熱，1000度（鹽?。┗?010度（爐控氣氛）+-6度加熱，保溫5~15min空冷，550度+-6度回火；退火、熱加工；交貨狀態(tài)：鋼材以退火狀態(tài)交貨。
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