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[1]。其執(zhí)行DIN2391、DIN2445、EN10305等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常用材質(zhì)為ST35（E235）、ST45（E255）、ST52（E355）系列碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，廣泛應(yīng)用于液壓系統(tǒng)、汽車制造、軍工及航空航天等領(lǐng)域。該鋼管采用冷拔、熱軋、冷軋工藝生產(chǎn)，其中冷拔工藝可制造直徑5-200mm、壁厚2.5-12mm的管材，需經(jīng)化學(xué)成分檢驗(yàn)（碳、硅、錳等）和物理性能測試，符合GB/T8162-87規(guī)范 [2]。熱處理工藝涵蓋退火、正火、淬火等，通過調(diào)節(jié)溫度與冷卻方式優(yōu)化材料性能，滿足高強(qiáng)度、耐腐蝕等需求。中文名冷拔精密無縫鋼管外文名Cold drawn precision seamless steel pipe別 名精密無縫鋼管鋼管主要品種液壓系統(tǒng)專用鋼管主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DIN2391， DIN2445主要材質(zhì)ST35（E235）特 點(diǎn)冷拔成品精度高，表面質(zhì)量好目錄1分類2自定義3化學(xué)成分4產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)5熱處理工藝分類播報(bào)編輯精密無縫鋼管，精密液壓無縫鋼管，冷拔精密無縫鋼管，冷軋精密無縫鋼管，高精密無縫鋼管，精密光亮無縫鋼管。(1)鋼管主要品種：DIN系列高精度精密光亮無縫鋼管、液壓系統(tǒng)專用鋼管、汽車制造專用鋼管(2)主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：DIN2391， DIN2445， EN10305， DIN1629， DIN1630， ASTM A179(3)主要材質(zhì)：ST35（E235） ST37.4 ST45（E255） ST52（E355）冷拔精密無縫鋼管(4)主要交貨狀態(tài)：NBK（+N） GBK（+A） BK（+C） BKW（+LC） BKS（+SR）(5)主要特點(diǎn)：鋼管內(nèi)外壁無氧化層，承受高壓無泄漏，高精度，高光潔度，冷彎不變形，擴(kuò)口、壓扁無裂縫。（6）主要用途：應(yīng)用于液壓系統(tǒng)配管、汽車制造配管、軍工、工程機(jī)械、鐵路機(jī)車、航空航天、船舶、注塑機(jī)、壓鑄機(jī)、機(jī)床、柴油機(jī)、石油化工、電站、鍋爐設(shè)備等各行各業(yè)。自定義播報(bào)編輯冷拔精密鋼管是一種通過冷拔或熱軋?zhí)幚砗蟮囊环N高精密的鋼管材料。由于精密鋼管內(nèi)外壁無氧化層、承受高壓無泄漏、高精度、高光潔度、冷彎不變形、擴(kuò)口、壓扁無裂縫等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以主要用來生產(chǎn)氣動(dòng)或液壓 元件的產(chǎn)品，如汽缸或油缸，可以是無縫管。化學(xué)成分播報(bào)編輯冷拔精密鋼管的化學(xué)成分有碳C、硅Si、錳Mn、硫S、磷P、Cr。產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)播報(bào)編輯1.外徑更小。2.精度高可做小批量生3.冷拔成品精度高，表面質(zhì)量好。4.鋼管橫面積更復(fù)雜。5.鋼管性能更優(yōu)越，金屬比較密。 1、生產(chǎn)制造方法按生產(chǎn)方法不同可分為熱軋管、冷軋管、冷拔管、擠壓管等。1.1、熱軋無縫管一般在自動(dòng)軋管機(jī)組上生產(chǎn)。實(shí)心管坯經(jīng)檢查并清除表面缺陷，截成所需長度，在管坯穿孔端端面上定心，然后送往加熱爐加熱，在穿孔機(jī)上穿孔。在穿孔同時(shí)不斷旋轉(zhuǎn)和前進(jìn)，在軋輥和頂頭的作用下，管坯內(nèi)部逐漸形成空腔，稱毛管。再送至自動(dòng)軋管機(jī)上繼續(xù)軋制。最后經(jīng)均整機(jī)均整壁厚，經(jīng)定徑機(jī)定徑，達(dá)到規(guī)格要求。利用連續(xù)式軋管機(jī)組生產(chǎn)熱軋無縫鋼管是較先進(jìn)的方法。1.2、若欲獲得尺寸更小和質(zhì)量更好的無縫管，必須采用冷軋、冷拔或者兩者聯(lián)合的方法。冷軋通常在二輥式軋機(jī)上進(jìn)行，鋼管在變斷面圓孔槽和不動(dòng)的錐形頂頭所組成的環(huán)形孔型中軋制。冷拔通常在0.5～100T的單鏈?zhǔn)交螂p鏈?zhǔn)嚼浒螜C(jī)上進(jìn)行。1.3、擠壓法即將加熱好的管坯放在密閉的擠壓圓筒內(nèi)，穿孔棒與擠壓桿一起運(yùn)動(dòng)，使擠壓件從較小的?？字袛D出。此法可生產(chǎn)直徑較小的鋼管。2、用途2.1、無縫管用途很廣泛。一般用途的無縫管由普通碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼、低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼或合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼軋制，產(chǎn)量最多，主要用作輸送流體的管道或結(jié)構(gòu)零件。2.2、根據(jù)用途不同分三類供應(yīng)：a、按化學(xué)成分和機(jī)械性能供應(yīng)；b、按機(jī)械性能供應(yīng)；c、按水壓試驗(yàn)供應(yīng)。按a、b類供應(yīng)的鋼管，如用于承受液體壓力，也要進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)。2.3、專門用途的無縫管有鍋爐用無縫管、地質(zhì)用無縫管及石油用無縫管等多種。3、種類3.1、無縫鋼管按生產(chǎn)方法不同可分為熱軋管、冷軋管、冷拔管、擠壓管等。3.2、按外形分類有圓形管、異形管之分。異形管除方形管和矩形管外，還有橢圓管、半圓管、三角形管、六角形管、凸字形管、梅花形管等。3.3、按材質(zhì)的不同，分為普通碳素結(jié)構(gòu)管、低合金結(jié)構(gòu)管、優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)管、合金結(jié)構(gòu)管、不銹管等。3.4、按專門用途分，有鍋爐管、地質(zhì)管、石油管等。4、規(guī)格及外觀質(zhì)量無縫管按GB/T8162-87規(guī)定4.1、規(guī)格：熱軋管外徑32～630mm。壁厚2.5～75mm。冷軋(冷拔)管外徑5～200mm。壁厚2.5～12mm。4.2、外觀質(zhì)量：鋼管的內(nèi)外表面不得有裂縫、折疊、軋折、離層、發(fā)紋和結(jié)疤缺陷存在。這些缺陷應(yīng)完全清除掉，清除后不得使壁厚和外徑超過負(fù)偏差。4.3、鋼管的兩端應(yīng)切成直角，并清除毛刺。壁厚大于20mm的鋼管允許氣割和熱鋸切割。經(jīng)供需雙方協(xié)議也可不切頭。4.4、冷拔或冷軋精密無縫鋼管《表面質(zhì)量》參照GB3639-83。5、化學(xué)成分檢驗(yàn)5.1、按化學(xué)成分和機(jī)械性能供應(yīng)的國產(chǎn)無縫管，如10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45和50號鋼的化學(xué)成分應(yīng)符合GB/T699-88的規(guī)定。進(jìn)口無縫管按合同規(guī)定的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)。09MnV、16Mn、15MnV鋼的化學(xué)成分應(yīng)符合GB1591-79的規(guī)定。5.2、具體分析方法參照GB223-84《鋼鐵及合金化學(xué)分析方法》的有關(guān)部分。5.3、分析偏差參照GB222-84《鋼的化學(xué)分析用試樣及成品化學(xué)成分允許偏差》。6、物理性能檢驗(yàn)6.1、按機(jī)構(gòu)性能供應(yīng)的國產(chǎn)無縫管，普通碳素鋼按GB/T700-88的甲類鋼制造(但必須保證含硫量不超過0.050%和含磷量不超過0.045%)，其機(jī)械性能應(yīng)符合GB8162-87表內(nèi)所規(guī)定的數(shù)值。6.2、按水壓試驗(yàn)供應(yīng)的國產(chǎn)無縫管必須保證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定的水壓試驗(yàn)。6.3、進(jìn)口無縫管的物理性能檢驗(yàn)按合同規(guī)定的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。7、主要進(jìn)出口情況7.1、一般無縫管進(jìn)口量很大。主要進(jìn)口國家是德國和日本。歐洲國家如羅馬尼亞、俄羅斯、瑞士、法國、西班牙、捷克、南斯拉夫、匈牙利等國都有進(jìn)口。還有少量從南美的阿根廷、墨西哥等國進(jìn)口。7.2、根據(jù)用貨單位的不同要求，進(jìn)口無縫管規(guī)格多達(dá)100多種，常見的規(guī)格有15922mm、1595mm、15918mm。114.38mm、114.310mm、114.313mm。長度一般為5～8m或4～7m不等。主要是熱軋?zhí)冀Y(jié)構(gòu)，ST65。進(jìn)口規(guī)格直徑最小的為305mm，最大的47813mm。7.3、從法國和西班牙曾進(jìn)口少量直徑較小而壁薄的無縫管，如183mm，223mm、26.93mm等。執(zhí)行德國曼內(nèi)斯曼鋼管廠的一般規(guī)則。7.4、從匈牙利和日本進(jìn)口的無縫管，常參照DIN2448、DIN1629。7.5、在進(jìn)口索賠案例中，進(jìn)口無縫管存在的質(zhì)量問題主要有：化學(xué)成分不合格、壓扁試驗(yàn)發(fā)生劈裂、抗拉強(qiáng)度低、出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重銹蝕及凹坑等。熱處理工藝播報(bào)編輯退火是將冷軋精密光亮鋼管加熱到適當(dāng)溫度，根據(jù)材料和工件尺寸采用不同的保溫時(shí)間，然后進(jìn)行緩慢冷卻，目的是使金屬內(nèi)部組織達(dá)到或接近平衡狀態(tài)，獲得良好的工藝性能和使用性能，或 者為進(jìn)一步淬火作組織準(zhǔn)備。正火是將冷軋精密光亮鋼管加熱到適宜的溫度后在空氣中冷卻，正火的效果同退火相似，只是得到的組織更細(xì)，常用于改善材料的切削性能，也有時(shí)用于對一些要求不高的零件作為最終熱處理。淬火是將冷軋精密光亮鋼管加熱保溫后，在水、油或其它無機(jī)鹽、有機(jī)水溶液等淬冷介質(zhì)中快速冷卻。淬火后冷軋精密光亮鋼管變硬，但同時(shí)變脆。為了降低冷軋精密光亮鋼管的脆性，將淬火后的冷軋精密光亮鋼管在高于室溫而低于650℃的某一適當(dāng)溫度進(jìn)行長時(shí)間的保溫，再進(jìn)行冷卻，這種工藝稱為回火。退火、正火、淬火、回火是整體熱處理中的“四把火”，其中的淬火與回火關(guān)系密切，常常配合使用，缺一不可。“四把火”隨著加熱溫度和冷卻方式的不同，又演變出不同的熱處理工藝。為了獲得一定的強(qiáng)度和韌性，把淬火和高溫回火結(jié)合起來的工藝，稱為調(diào)質(zhì)。某些合金淬火形成過飽和固溶體后，將其置于室溫或稍高的適當(dāng)溫度下保持較長時(shí)間，以提高合金的硬度、強(qiáng)度或電性磁性等。這樣的熱處理工藝稱為時(shí)效處理。把壓力加工形變與熱處理有效而緊密地結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行，使冷軋精密光亮鋼管獲得很好的強(qiáng)度、韌性配合的方法稱為形變熱處理；在負(fù)壓氣氛或真空中進(jìn)行的熱處理稱為真空熱處理，它不僅能使冷軋精密光亮鋼管不氧化，不脫碳，保持處理后冷軋精密光亮鋼管表面光潔，提高工件的性能，還可以通入滲劑進(jìn)行化學(xué)熱處理。表面熱處理是只加熱冷軋精密光亮鋼管表層，以改變其表層力學(xué)性能的金屬熱處理工藝。為了只加熱冷軋精密光亮鋼管表層而不使過多的熱量傳入工件內(nèi)部，使用的熱源須具有高的能量密度，即在單位面積的冷軋精密光亮鋼管上給予較大的熱能，使冷軋精密光亮鋼管表層或局部能短時(shí)或瞬時(shí)達(dá)到高溫。表面熱處理的主要方法有火焰淬火和感應(yīng)加熱熱處理，常用的熱源有氧乙炔或氧丙烷等火焰、感應(yīng)電流、激光和電子束等。化學(xué)熱處理是通過改變冷軋精密光亮鋼管表層化學(xué)成分、組織和性能的金屬熱處理工藝?；瘜W(xué)熱處理與表面熱處理不同之處是后者改變了工件表層的化學(xué)成分。化學(xué)熱處理是將工件放在含碳、氮或其它合金元素的介質(zhì)(氣體、液體、固體)中加熱，保溫較長時(shí)間，從而使工件表層滲入碳、氮、硼和鉻等元素。滲入元素后，有時(shí)還要進(jìn)行其它熱處理工藝如淬火及回火。化學(xué)熱處理的主要方法有滲碳、滲氮、滲金屬。熱處理是機(jī)械零件和工模具制造過程中的重要工序之一。大體來說，它可以保證和提高冷軋精密光亮鋼管的各種性能 ，如耐磨、耐腐蝕等。還可以改善毛坯的組織和應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，以利于進(jìn)行各種冷、熱加工。例如白口鑄鐵經(jīng)過長時(shí)間退火處理可以獲得可鍛鑄鐵，提高塑性 ；齒輪采用正確的熱處理工藝，使用壽命可以比不經(jīng)熱處理的齒輪成倍或幾十倍地提高；另外，價(jià)廉的碳鋼通過滲入某些合金元素就具有某些價(jià)昂的合金鋼性能，可以代替某些耐熱鋼、不銹鋼；工模具則幾乎全部需要經(jīng)過熱處理方可使用。新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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