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。含硅為1.0～4.5%，含碳量小于0.08%的硅合金鋼叫做。它具有導(dǎo)磁率高、矯頑力低、電阻系數(shù)大等特性，因而磁滯損失和渦流損失都小。主要用作電機、變壓器、電器以及電工儀表中的磁性材料。為了制造電器時滿足沖剪加工的需要，還要求有一定的塑性。為了提高磁感性能，降低磁滯損耗，要求其有害雜質(zhì)含量越低越好，并要求板型平整，表面質(zhì)量好。 [1]中文名外文名silicon steel別 名電工鋼含硅量3%~5%左右應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域電力、電子和軍事工業(yè)學 科冶金工程目錄1簡史2性能特點3分類4性能要求5生產(chǎn)工藝?酸洗?冷沖壓?退火?絕緣涂層簡史播報編輯1900年哈德菲爾德（R.A.Hadfield）報道，硅含量2.5%～5.5%的鐵硅合金具有比鐵更高的磁性。1903年開始生產(chǎn)熱軋片。1934年戈斯（GossN P）發(fā)展（110）[001]冷軋取向，沿鋼板軋制方向磁性明顯提高，適用于制作變壓器，1935年美國阿姆科（Armco）鋼公司開始生產(chǎn)，隨后又生產(chǎn)冷軋無取向。1949年阿姆科制成0.05mm和0.1mm厚的冷軋取向薄帶，用于軍事工業(yè)。60年代初美國開始大量生產(chǎn)硅含量<0.5%的低碳電工鋼。60年代末，某些國家陸續(xù)停止生產(chǎn)熱軋。1968年，日本新日鐵鋼公司開發(fā)并生產(chǎn)了高磁感取向（Hi-B鋼）。70年代中期，日本又陸續(xù)開發(fā)了幾個取向、無取向和低碳電工鋼新牌號。1986年日本鋼管公司生產(chǎn)出硅含量為6.5%的高產(chǎn)品。中國1954年生產(chǎn)熱軋，1959年制成并生產(chǎn)了冷軋取向薄帶，1979年生產(chǎn)冷軋取向和無取向。世界電工鋼年產(chǎn)量在600萬t以上，占鋼材總產(chǎn)量的0.9%～1.3%。日本、前蘇聯(lián)和美國年產(chǎn)量都超過100萬t，其中取向約占25%，低碳低硅電工鋼約占65%。性能特點播報編輯以鐵芯損耗(簡稱鐵損)和磁感應(yīng)強度(簡稱磁感)作為產(chǎn)品磁性保證值。鐵損低可節(jié)省大量電能，延長電機和變壓器工作運轉(zhuǎn)時間和簡化冷卻系統(tǒng)。由于鐵損造成的電量損失占全年發(fā)電量的2.5%～4.5%，其中變壓器鐵損約占50%，1～100kW小型電機約占30%，日光燈鎮(zhèn)流器約占15%。磁感高，鐵芯的激磁電流降低，也節(jié)省電能。磁感高可使設(shè)計的最大磁感(Bm)高、鐵芯體積小、重量輕，節(jié)省、導(dǎo)線、絕緣材料和結(jié)構(gòu)材料等，既使電機和變壓器損耗和制造成本降低，又便于組裝和運輸。由帶齒圓形沖片疊成鐵芯的電機在運轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)下工作。要求板為磁各向同性，用無取向制造。由條片疊成鐵芯或由條帶卷繞成鐵芯的變壓器在靜止狀態(tài)下工作，用磁各向異性大的冷軋取向制造。此外，要求具有好的沖剪性，表面光滑平整和厚度均勻，好的絕緣膜和磁時效小。分類播報編輯按制造工藝和用途電工鋼分為熱軋、冷軋電工鋼和特殊用途三大類，其硅含量、規(guī)格和主要用途見表1。表1 電工鋼的分類和用途類 別硅含量/%公稱厚度/mm主 要 用 途熱軋（無取向）熱軋低（電機鋼）1.0～2.50.5家用電機和微電機熱軋高（變壓器鋼）3.0～4.50.35、0.50變壓器冷軋電工鋼冷軋無取向電工鋼（電機鋼）低碳電工鋼≤0.50.50、0.65家用電機、微電機小變壓器和鎮(zhèn)流器>0.5～3.50.35、0.50大中型電機、發(fā)電機和變壓器冷軋取向（變壓器鋼）普通取向2.9～3.30.18、0.23、0.270.30、0.35大中小型變壓器和鎮(zhèn)流器高磁感取向特殊用途：冷軋取向薄帶2.9～3.30.03、0.05、0.10脈沖變壓器、磁放大器、高頻變壓器和電焊機冷軋無取向薄帶3.00.15、0.20高頻電機和發(fā)電機磁開關(guān)用冷軋無取向3.00.70繼電器和磁開關(guān)冷軋高6.50.1～0.5高頻電機、變壓器和磁屏蔽性能要求播報編輯對性能的要求主要是：1、鐵損低，這是片質(zhì)量的最重要指標。各國都根據(jù)鐵損值劃分牌號，鐵損愈低，牌號愈高。2、較強磁場下磁感應(yīng)強度（磁感）高，這使電機和變壓器的鐵芯體積與重量減小，節(jié)約片、銅線和絕緣材料等。3、表面光滑、平整和厚度均勻，可以提高鐵芯的填充系數(shù)。4、沖片性好，對制造微型、小型電動機更為重要。5、表面絕緣膜的附著性和焊接性良好，能防蝕和改善沖片性。生產(chǎn)工藝播報編輯酸洗通過除鱗機與鹽酸罐，除去熱軋鋼帶的氧化物，以防止冷軋成品表面的缺陷。冷沖壓為了確保不同用途的厚度與材質(zhì)，將減速比例設(shè)在40%-90%，并為實現(xiàn)自動厚度控制、自動形狀控制等先進的控制設(shè)備。退火是軟化冷沖壓工程中硬化了的鋼帶材質(zhì)的工程。通過金屬加熱及急速冷卻，生產(chǎn)深加工用鋼及高張力鋼，并采用裝箱（罩退）退火與連續(xù)退火法。絕緣涂層將板加工成鐵芯時，為改善其加工性能并防止相當于鋼板厚度自乘的渦電流損失，采用連續(xù)涂鍍設(shè)備，在鋼板上下面噴射絕緣涂液。 [2]新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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冷軋電工鋼分為取向鋼和無取向鋼，主要用于制作各類大中小型電源變壓器、電抗器、互感器、電動機等的電磁鐵芯。采用冷軋電工鋼替代傳統(tǒng)的熱軋硅鋼片，不僅可提高鐵磁材料的利用率，而且采用冷軋電工鋼制造的產(chǎn)品可以大大降低用電過程中的電力損耗，節(jié)能效果非常明顯。 類別名稱可供牌號規(guī)格范圍 取向硅鋼 oriented silicon steel取向硅鋼薄鋼帶oriented silicon steel15Q1900、15Q1800、15Q1700、15Q1650、20Q1200、20Q1100、20Q900、20Q1000、20Q820、20Q760厚度：0.15、0.2、0.27、0.30、0.35、 寬度：150-960 長度：卷 高磁感取向鋼high magnetic induction orinted steel27QG100、27QG110、27QG120、30QG100、30QG105、30QG110、30QG120 一般取向鋼common oriented steel27Q120、27Q130、27Q140、30Q120、30Q130、30Q140、30Q150、30Q160、30Q180、35Q135、35Q145、35Q155 無取向硅鋼 Non-oriented silicon steel厚度0.35mm35WW230、35WW250、35WW270、35WW300、35WW360、35WW400、35WW440厚度：0.15、0.20、0.35、0.50、0.65、0.70、0.75、0.80、0.85 寬度：150-1200 長度：卷 厚度0.50mm50WW230、50WW250、50WW270、50WW290、50WW310、50WW350、50WW400、50WW470、50WW600、50WW700、50WW800、50WW1000、50WW1300 繼電器、電磁開關(guān)用70WK340、70WK380、DWK2-75、DWK2-80、DWK2-85 正負電子對撞機用J23-50、J23G-50 無取向薄帶15WTG1550、20WTG1500、20WTG1700 半工藝無取向50WGB350、50WGB400、50WGB430、MW101 高磁感無取向低牌號50WG600、50WG650、50WG700、50WG800、50WG1300 無取向低牌號厚規(guī)格65W530、65W800、WDG-65、BDG-65 高效電機用DGX1、DGX2、DGX3-50、DGX3-35 高磁感系列35WG250X、35WG270X、35WG300X、35WG360X、35WG400X、50WG270X、50WG290X、50WG310X、50WG350X、50WG400X、50WG470X、50WG600X、50WG700X、50WG800X、50WG1000X、50WG1300X、50W310X、50W350X、50W400X、50W470X、50W600X、50W700X、50W800X、50W1000X、50W1300X 電動汽車驅(qū)動電機用35WQD360、35WQD400、50WQD400、50WQD470、50WQGD470、50WQDG600 熱軋硅鋼片和冷軋硅鋼片在性能上的主要區(qū)別: (1)冷軋硅鋼片的磁飽和點高，磁通密度在1．9T(19000Gs)時開始飽和；熱軋硅鋼片的飽和點約為1．6T(16000Gs)。 (2)在磁通密度及頻率相同的情況下，冷軋硅鋼片比熱軋硅鋼片的單位損耗低。 (3)冷軋硅鋼片有無取向和取向兩種。取向冷軋硅鋼片有明顯的方向性，即沿著軋制的方向的磁性能好，飽和磁通密度高，單位損耗和單位勵磁容量小?，F(xiàn)在變壓器上均采用冷軋取向硅鋼片。熱軋硅鋼片都無取向。
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